New Enterprise Group Essay Example for Free

New Enterprise Group Essay Weave Chen originated from the oriental culture. He was conceived in Hong Kong. He came to Canada to contemplate and was in the long run allowed the chance to work in one of the biggest open bookkeeping firms in Canada, James-Williams. As most Orientals, he was peaceful and calm. He was not a direct individual. He doesn't promptly articulate his careful conclusions about a circumstance or an individual. This obliging conduct of his had likewise evidently hidden a large portion of his perspectives about profession and work. David Shorter, however not demonstrated for the situation study, has the qualities of an individual hailed from or has an extraordinary handle of the Canadian or Western culture. Being the Practice Manager of the New Enterprise Group at James-Williams for as long as four years, he had without a doubt been fruitful in taking care of numerous Canadian constituents under his administration. Chen and Shorter had various ways to deal with the executives. Shorter accepted that for a representative like Chen who has extraordinary potential, he needs to make things stride by step. Chen wanted to be an assessment expert and along these lines might want to get undertakings making a beeline for that heading. Shorter, nonetheless, clarified that he despite everything needs to do one more year of reviewing work to make him a progressively viable expense expert. He likewise needed to exploit Chen’s oriental foundation and might want to utilize him as linkage to pull in Hong Kong customers. Beside the lack of senior examiners for that year, a more extended evaluating experience would assist him with bettering comprehend business issues which would be fundamental to his ideal specialization. Chen, in any case, was relentless with his vocation plans. Shorter endeavored a trade off by offering him an all-cost paid assessment preparing program as long as he consents to go through one more year in inspecting. Chen dismissed the offer and still pushed to be allocated to an assessment accomplice. Shorter at long last yielded and allocated Chen to Joe Silverman however Chen needs to do some reviewing as yet during his first year with Silverman. Chen, in contrast to Shorter, was not persuaded in making his vocation stride by-step. He thought one more year of inspecting work would just postpone him from his craving to be a duty expert. He was not pleasant to Shorter’s articulation that to be a successful assessment specialist, he would need to have plentiful experience as a senior evaluator. He, be that as it may, had comprehended Shorter’s dreams of drawing in Hong Kong customers to the New Enterprise Group. Having the option to talk in Chinese and acquainted with their way of life, he would have the option to win their trust without any problem. Yet, this, shockingly, was not what he had intended to do in his profession. Chen’s execution after his gathering with Shorter was not exceptionally agreeable. It was a demonstration of expert impudence not to communicate straightforwardly on the off chance that he had acknowledged or dismissed the review task for Softdisk Computer Company. Character insightful, he might be known not to be vocal with his suppositions or sentiments. Be that as it may, expertly, this is extremely hindering. Softdisk is one of the significant customers of the New Enterprise Group. Significant customers ought to be dealt with much consideration as their trust and certainty to the bookkeeping firm is the thing that holds them as customers. Mike Mcleod who raised the reviewing venture adhered to the best possible procedures to decide the senior inspector who was accessible and fit for carrying out the responsibility. Chen was the just a single accessible in September and October. As per Silverman, there were no duty stir arranged for him yet and the activity Mcleod was offering would likewise address some expense issues which would be a decent encounter for him. Chen had not been unequivocal in communicating his dithering with the undertaking. He by the by went to the physical stock led by the customer. This took a chance with the relationship with the customer significantly more. Softdisk had Chinese starting points and after discovering that Chen would be evaluating for them, they were exceptionally satisfied. When Chen pulls back from this venture and pronounces that he would not like to do the review in any case, the New Enterprise Group will be set in a terrible light. More terrible, Softdisk may pull back themselves as an ordinary customer. Shorter, who was likewise capable in drawing in and looking after customers, would not locate this truly satisfactory. He would give a bombing assessment to Chen for his polished methodology. One of the elements to this assessment would be his dithering to the task which had no supporting grounds. Above all else, according to task planning, he was accessible during the reviewing time frame for Softdisk. He had likewise consented to at present perform examining errands however he had been appointed as of now to a duty accomplice. Different components would be his hushing up with his falterings and appearing at the customer in spite of his vulnerabilities. Losing Softdisk as a customer would be a major hit to Shorter and to the New Enterprise Group. The awful picture may likewise in the end reflect to James-Williams as an organization which was viewed as one of the most regarded bookkeeping firms in Canada. Chen’s conduct and the misconception that unfolded among him and his partners may likewise be intelligent of a multifaceted clash. People with oriental childhood like Chen are not clear individuals like most Canadians or Westerners. They normally decide to hush up out of kindness or being gracious to the next gathering. Being in a remote land additionally makes them delicate to racial segregation issues. It is conceivable that Chen may have additionally seen Shorter’s proposal to take one more year in evaluating as an underestimation of his capacity to push ahead as an expense specialist, reason enough for him to be persistent to be put in a duty task. Chen’s associates who might not have seen how Oriental individuals do and see things may have taken this conduct against Chen. They may have additionally ignored different components while pushing Chen to take the task. For instance, Chen might be commonly an intense specialist that when he acknowledges a specific venture, he doesn't acknowledge any undertaking except if he is certain that he can complete it to its end and with great quality at that. Chen referenced that he was at present working with the review for a film organization. This was, as per him, the explanation behind his faltering with Softdisk as he would not like to leave his present undertaking incomplete or to imperil it. What's more, since he was not all that vocal about his sentiments and emotions, his partners had deciphered this as an intentional dismissal to ventures and being demanding about them. Understanding the working styles, vocation recognitions, social standards and practices is a significant test for administrators who have subordinates originating from various social roots. There may as of now be boundaries essentially in correspondence. Collaboration might be troublesome between a local of the nation and an outsider who taught himself to comprehend and communicate in the local language. Implications might be unique and may turn into the typical reason for confusion or misconstruing between partners. It is additionally unavoidable for certain outsiders to show their own way of life and convictions when they impart or work with others. There are a few societies which consistently display themselves as prevailing and forceful. Some are tranquil and not vocal about their conclusions and emotions like Chen. Others likewise show up protective when before people from different societies particularly there had been a background marked by victimization them. Due to some characteristic convictions, culture additionally influences one’s trust in choices made by the organization. The subordinate may enroll understanding or show calm faltering to the choice. Without appropriate correspondence channels, supposition contrasts may prompt loss of certainty to the organization or enthusiasm to work. For these social contrasts that may in the long run advance to office struggle, administrators must be extremely cautious when conveying, giving out proclamations and ordering choices to their subordinates. Articulations and choices ought to be viewed as based from undeniable realities, from majority rule conversations and not from abstract, one-sided thoughts. It is additionally prescribed for administrators to pick up something about the social foundations of their subordinates. An administrator ought to consistently be a stride in front of his subordinates. He ought to know about their reasoning procedures, objectives and working styles. With this information, he can likewise execute proper strategies to propel them and to scrutinize them when essential. Not every person in the organization may see an associate from an alternate social foundation as an equivalent. It is then the obligation of the director to order social correspondence in the workplace. He may make approaches like for any presentation of social segregation would mean an assessment of unprofessionalism. Legitimate correspondence is an extremely pivotal factor in settling diverse clash. Expertly, chiefs and subordinates may alter with one another so they can together meet certain objectives. As on account of Chen and his associates, misconception may have been kept away from if the correspondence lines had stayed open. Chen would have vocalized his reluctance to the Softdisk venture before it got to the heart of the matter of putting the relationship with the customer in danger. Mcleod and Silverman would have had the option to make a few changes also in due time. So also, Chen would have held his expert height in the organization and not get himself dishonorable in his situation in the New Enterprise Group.

Crime and punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wrongdoing and discipline - Essay Example Nonappearance of disciplines in a criminal equity framework makes the hoodlums courageous and intrepid as well as urges them to carry out wrongdoings more than once. Here, I might want to state that discipline alone is anything but an extremely powerful strategy for decreasing the quantity of wrongdoings since where it infuses a feeling of dread into the psyches of the hoodlums; it additionally infuses a feeling of retribution in them, which is exceptionally hurtful for the tranquility of entire society. A decent strategy is to utilize renewal alongside discipline since reconstruction changes the conduct and mentality of a crook. Proficient clinicians endeavor to modify the practices of crooks by doing their psychotherapies and directing them towards the correct way. In this manner, I would state that in spite of the fact that discipline is compelling in diminishing the quantity of wrongdoings however it ought to be went with transformation process so as to change the lawbreakers int o quiet residents. What exactly Degree Punishment is Effective? The viability of disciplines relies upon the kind of discipline and the thought process behind the disciplines, which are given by the adjudicators to the crooks. There are various kinds of disciplines for various sorts of violations. ... Disciplines are exceptionally compelling on the grounds that they not just prevent the lawbreakers from carrying out wrongdoings with no dread yet additionally assume a fundamental job in setting up and keeping up harmony in a general public. Disciplines are powerful in diminishing the quantity of wrongdoings since it infuses a feeling of dread in the psyches of the crooks, which prevents them from carrying out any type of wrongdoing in future. The objectives of disciplines and one’s conviction about the motivation behind condemning assume a basic job in making disciplines a compelling device for wrongdoing decrease. Choices for disciplines are just viable when they depend on merit in such a case that an appointed authority rebuffs an individual with no strong evidences or by disregarding the ground real factors, it infuses a feeling of vengeance in the psyche of that individual, which makes him/her a genuine criminal once he/she comes out of prison. In this manner, I would st ate that the viability of disciplines is profoundly related with the legitimacy based choices and with the reason behind the disciplines. Is Corporal Punishment Or The Death Penalty Justifiable In Any Sensible Way? Prior to going to portray whether beating and capital punishment are reasonable methods of disciplines or not, let us show signs of improvement comprehension of what flogging and capital punishment really are. Beating implies utilizing physical power on an individual as a type of discipline for a wrongdoing, while capital punishment implies condemning a criminal to death as a result of some type of wrongdoing, which he/she carries out. The two types of disciplines are given to the crooks in pretty much every nation relying upon the idea of violations. I for one feel that albeit whipping is an unforgiving discipline, still it is a greatly improved approach to rebuff the hoodlums when contrasted with death

Using Quora for Business Purposes

Using Quora for Business Purposes Are you looking for a way to enhance your credibility in your industry? Maybe youre looking to humanize your brand by highlighting your staffs capabilities and/or diversity? Or perhaps youre looking to enhance awareness of your brand through an atypical social media tool?In any of these cases, Quora may be for you. This relatively young social network may not yet have the cachet or user base of a Facebook, Twitter or a LinkedIn. But it offers a unique service that offers savvy marketers a way to enhance their firms standing in the industry, its brand awareness and more, just by answering some questions. © Shutterstock.com | 360bIn this article, we will explore 1) the purpose of Quora, 2) the history of Quora, 3) the benefits of Quora, 4) setting up a Quora account, 5) best practices for using Quora, and 6) a case study.PURPOSE OF QUORAQuora is designed to provide users with quality answers to questions asked by other users. Adam D’Angelo, co-founder of Quora, describes itself, “as a general place for people to share knowledge of all kinds” with a focus on “high-quality content.” Many of those who answer questions are titans of the tech industry, such as Facebook’s founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg. D’Angelo started off by inviting his friends to the site, many of whom happened to be in the tech industry.In general, answers are voted on by users, with preference given to those that are comprehensive and personal from credible sources. Unlike many other social networks, to bolster the credibility of the answers, users must register on the site using their real names, rath er than an alias. As with most social networking services, users can create profiles and connect with other users, as well as search the site for topics of interest. D’Angelo describes the motivation for users as:“On Quora, you’re not answering questions because you want to get points or because you have nothing else to do. You’re answering questions because you want to build your reputation or you genuinely, intrinsically enjoy helping people. It’s the same reason someone might want to make a website with information. We just made that a lot easier.”What makes Quora different from the dozens of similar web applications, like Yahoo Answers and WikiAnswers, is the quality of the answers. Quora users regularly receive emails containing some of the most popular Answers those that have been upvoted the most. These are usually Answers that are very credible written by subject matter experts and/or insiders, humorous, insightful or emotionally compelling. Those who ask or an swer questions on the site can see viewership statistics â€" views, shares, and upvotes, on their content on the dashboard called Stats. This can help writer refine their questions and/or answers in hopes of providing more complete â€" and popular, information. HISTORY OF QUORAQuora was founded in 2009 and launched in June of 2010. Its founders, D’Angelo and Charlie Cheever, formerly worked for Facebook, with the former resigning his position there to create the site. Their goal was to create a question and answer site that was better than those online at the time. An iPhone app was launched in 2011 and an Android app in 2012. Shortly after the latter launch, Cheever stepped away from daily management of the firm.By March of 2014, Quora had 1.15 million unique users on the site. By April of 2014, Quora had become the second largest online warehouse of information behind Wikipedia, with over 500,000 topics. At this time, they received $80 million dollars in VC, which accompanied a then-mostly unspent early round of $40 million. D’Angelo indicated that he intended to scale up the product in other countries and languages, using the VC to grow infrastructure, and to remain independent to ensure the quality of Quora. Quora’s head of business and community Marc Bodnick has publicly stated that they intend to monetize the site beginning in 2015 at the earliest.The Co-Founders of Quora have a conversation with John Battelle BENEFITS OF QUORAUsers can benefit from Quora in a number of ways. First, they can use the site to gather information by searching for answers to their questions or writing questions themselves. They can also follow topics and/or people of interest by creating topic specific alerts to deepen their knowledge of the subject.Second, they can establish themselves as an expert by providing thoughtful, comprehensive answers to user’s questions. Quora already benefits from a number of industry leaders, such as Mark Cuban (Dallas Mavericks owner an d billionaire tech entrepreneur) and Tristan Walker (Director of Business Development at Foursquare), using the site. You can take advantage of that, by adding your carefully composed thoughts on a subject to Quora, by editing Quora questions and adding topics to them.Quora users can get product and/or brand insights by researching answers, monitoring brand mentions (theirs and/or others) and asking relevant questions of Quora users, either directly or anonymously. Quora also launched a blogging platform in 2011, which you can use to extend your Quora and another content.Using Quora to extend your reach and visibilityBy providing consistent, insightful answers that are routinely upvoted, you can not only establish yourself as an expert in your field, but you can humanize your brand through the personal answers you and your staff provide. Further, by taking advantage of opportunities to help honestly answer people’s questions by discussing your brand and its services, you can drive traffic to your site. For example, a question about places to take a holiday on a limited budget might be answered by a social media savvy travel agent, who might be able to convert that user, as well as those that read the answer and visit his/her travel agency website.You can use Quora to extend your reach and visibility through inbound marketing â€" by adding a backlink to your website when answering a question. You can also do so through trend research â€" by following competitors and their content on Quora, as well as popular content in your industry. By searching for popular topics in your industry you can develop content for your website or social networks. You can also network by answering, editing, and collaborating on questions from professionals in your industry, or by sending your contacts Quora content of interest to them.Enhancing your search resultsQuora can also be used for SEO as Quora’s answers are indexed by Google and Bing search engines. While backlinks are â €œnofollow” links, and therefore do not contribute to SEO, but popular content will have your byline and backlink, which can increase your overall traffic. Avoid creating low-quality content just to post a link.Enhancing your public relations planPart of any public relations program is a PR agency or in-house PR department obtaining third-party validation for your brand, product, or initiative. Traditionally, this validation has come from journalists in newspapers; however, increasingly recognition on social networks can help increase the credibility of individuals and firms. Multiple, popular answers on a topic on Quora can do just that. Multiple, popular answers from multiple users from the same company can do it even more effectively.Further, Quora can be used to correct public misinformation as a part of a crisis communications strategy. Or it can be used to respond to basic customer service complaints.Quora has been used by journalists doing background research and may soon b e used by reporters for sourcing material. Currently, Quora includes information for PR departments on how to get coverage in certain media outlets.Integrating Quora into your social media strategyIntegrating Quora into your social media strategy is currently a matter of time rather than money, as it does not cost anything to set up an account, post questions or answers, or blog. While Quora can be used to achieve a number of different marketing objectives â€" such as increasing brand awareness and generating sales leads, it is perhaps best used for building credibility and obtaining business intelligence. Use Facebook for engagement and conversions, Twitter for news, LinkedIn for sourcing â€" but keep your Quora strategy focused on obtaining actionable insights and developing authority in your market.Social Media Speaker Crystal Washington discusses Quora for Business SETTING UP A QUORA ACCOUNTSetting up a Quora account and profile is easy. You can use your email address or your ac count with one of the two social networking sites: Facebook or Twitter. With the former process, you will have to fill out the required form fields; with the latter, you will have to allow Quora to access your accounts, which will allow it to add your friends from these networks to your Quora profile. Once you set up your profile, be sure to connect your other social media accounts to it by visiting Settings, from where you can link email addresses, Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Tumblr, and WordPress accounts.When you have set up your Quora account, browse the site for topics of interest and create alerts to follow them. Type a topic in the bar at the top, and hit Enter. You’ll see displayed your topic and related ones. Click the green Follow topic link underneath the exact topic you want to follow to add it to your feed. Next, you can do this by going to Settings and then Email and notifications and adjusting the notifications you will receive by email.Now you are ready to go. Ask questions. Make sure they are well-thought out, grammatically correct, and original check the site for similar questions before posting yours. To ask a question, once you re logged in, type a question in the field at the top and click Ask question.Also, make sure to use the topic biography feature by filling out the Biography fields. When you sign up with a social media account, Quora imports your personal profile information, including education and work history. You will see prompts asking if you want to answers questions about the educational institutions you’ve attended and the employers you’ve worked for. By providing a few contextual details in the biography, which will be displayed when you answer a question concerning them, you can add credibility to your answer. For example, if you answer a question about an event at a high school that occurred ten years, and you’ve already entered into the biography field that you were a student there at the time, Quora users will be inclined to believe you before they even read the first word of your answer. BEST PRACTICES FOR USING QUORAFill out your profile completely, and avoid self-promotion or fluffing. Candor and straightforwardness are valued on Quora.Ensure first that you have a social media policy that is flexible enough to allow employees to participate and encourage them to use Quora on topics of interest to them whether or not they are directly relevant to your core business.Provide and/or have key staff answer questions for which they can naturally provide credible and comprehensive answers. Add (or have them add) a bit of humor or a personal anecdote to the answer to increasing its chances of being upvoted.Add sources to your answer, which can increase its (and your) credibility.Ask open-ended questions. In general, the most popular content is long-form and insightful. Yes or no questions are not what the site was designed for. Also, ask intriguing or unique questions.Use your Quora Inbox to ne twork with other users. Given the number of influencers on the site, this can be an extremely valuable resource.Help filter content by upvoting and downvoting it and by editing questions.Avoid self-promotion, as the format of the site, makes this readily apparent. Referencing your firm’s products and services is a solution is one thing, but a surfeit of jargon, direct appeals, and boasting will quickly lead to downvotes.Monitor your mentions on the site using Google Alerts and the query “Quora your company” to get real-time tracking of what people are saying about your brand. Respond appropriately when necessary, but keep in mind that your answers, if public, should add value to other readers of the content.Monitor the mentions of your competitor’s brands, products and services on Quora by running a simple Google query. You can get long-form, ongoing, and unique business intelligence from users, industry experts, and influencers, with a few keystrokes. Don’t forget to foll ow key topics in your industry as well.Create Boards, which allow you to aggregate questions, answers and even content from other sites on Quora. Aggregating content on a specific topic can be another way to showcase your interest/expertise in it.Add a Quora Follow Button to your website to encourage people to follow you on Quora.If you are a brand, obtain a Verified Profile, so that users have confidence that your brand is in fact you. Verified Profiles are denoted by a blue checkmark and can usually be obtained simply by linking a relevant social media account to Quora.Track and measure your viewership data on But first determine what metrics should be used to meet your objective. Is it visibility â€" measured by followers and upvotes? Is it engagement â€" measured by content and up/downvotes? Is it increased credibility â€" measured by the type of feedback and the type of engagement you receive? Whatever it is, make sure you know what your goals are and how best to measure them b efore investing time and effort composing quality questions and answers.CASE STUDYOne prominent “brand” using Quora is the owner of the first Verified Profile, U.S. President Barack Obama. The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA), a landmark piece of healthcare legislation, which he championed, was met with considerable resistance by a number of prominent conservative politicians, and skepticism by much of the public. Some media outlets pointed to a deliberate and systemic misinformation campaign created by the Republican Party as the cause. To clear up concerns concerning the open enrollment period which took place between October 2013 and March 2014, and to help spur sign-ups, the President took to Quora to answer questions himself. The President obtained nearly 28,000 followers, answering questions about ACA, as well as some positive press. And while the most popular question he answered was a personal one, the use of Quora allowed the President to reach a valuable demographic. Som e research points to Quora’s users being young and affluent, which make them a lucrative target for not only voter engagement and political donations, but also consumer products.

Social Problems And The Foundation Of A Society Essay

In Chapter one the authors discussed social problems and the foundation of a society. A social issue does not have a universal definition, rather, a social problem is something that has an impact on a person, group or society as a whole and is in need of remedy. Social problems vary in societies and geographical locations along with time periods. I also learned how the structure of a society is the way it is organized- institutions, social groups, statuses and roles. In addition, I learned about the three sociological theories- structural functionalism, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism. I don’t think the authors really had bias in this chapter just because it was explaining the basics and we didn’t really get into social problems yet. One aspect of this chapter that I thought was particularly interesting was our sociological imagination. Our sociological imagination refers to the capability to see connections between our personal lives and the social world we live in. We distinguish between our private troubles and public issues to see the connections of our lives, or the actions of individuals. I agree with C. Wright Mills in that you cannot apprehend an individual or the history of a society until you understand both. We can look to the culture and social structure to find the problem and fix it. I think using this method is valuable in the long run and can help people make more clear hypothesis about how to fix a problem because you will thoroughly understandShow MoreRelatedSmile Foundation1561 Words   |  7 PagesCASE ANALYSIS OF SMILE FOUNDATION BY TEAM PRAYAS FORE School of Management Anil Kumar (9999927670) G. Rohit Kumar (9891391467) anilkumar@foreian.com rohitkumar@foreian.com Strategies for Smile Foundation to involve civil society in development process Development is a process that leads to a transformation from an undesirable state of affairs to a desirable state. NGO’s help to make this transformation. 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Research Paper on Explorative Study of Marketing Strategies Adopted By Fashion Retail Industry in the United Kingdom A Case Study of Mark and Spencer

Research Paper on Explorative Study of Marketing Strategies Adopted By Fashion Retail Industry in the United Kingdom: A Case Study of Mark and Spencer Company Overview Mark and Spencer Group(MS) is among the leading retailers of foods, clothing, and home ware in the United Kingdom. However, Mark and Spencer Group plc. enjoys a dominant market position in the clothing segment due to the factors such as the diversified range and quality of products in its product segment (Datamonitor Report, 2011). Primarily, the company’s operations are divided into both wholly owned stores and franchise stores. Mark and Spencer Group plc. operates 690 stores in the United Kingdom and another 320 owned and franchised stores in other international territories. Major products and services from the company include different assortments of clothes, food, and home ware and accessories. For purposes of this paper, the clothing section of the will be analyzed. Product offerings in the clothing retail segment include women’s wear, men’s wear, lingerie, footwear, and children wear. Other notable products include food, grocery items, and home ware and acc essories. Mark and Spencer Group plc. also offers services such as credit cards, insurance, and other financial services. Finally, major brands include Collezione, Limited Collection, Girls Boutique, Autograph, and Per Una among others (Datamonitor Report, 2011). Mark and Spencer Group distributes its products through channels such as flagship stores, retail park stores, MS outlets, MS Catalogue, Simply Food stores, and Simply Food franchised outlets. The Mark and Spencer Group online platform also plays a crucial role in distributing products and services to its clients. Statement of the Problem The current fashion industry in the UK is characterized by intense competition and increased adoption of marketing strategies aimed at increasing the level of competition and creating sustainable advantage within the market. The fashion industry is highly volatile and seasonal; hence, it is subject to vulnerabilities such as the ‘fading out’ effect on fashion items. Each fashion season is characterized by a new clothing design or style that has particular periods of remaining ‘hype’ among fashion lovers. Firms competing in the industry have devised unlimited strategies and resources into efforts aimed at reaching customer groups in all market segments. As such, success in the fashion industry is characterized by the ability of fashion retailers to keep up with the fast developing pace and the development of creative and innovative marketing strategies (Walter, 2011). Firms that fail to develop creative and innovative marketing strategies are high risk of lea ving the market. At this moment, it is forcefully crucial to explore the importance of marketing strategies adopted by retailers in the UK fashion industry. This research proposal limits itself to the exploration of marketing strategies adopted by retailers in the UK fashion industry. Particular focus will be placed on the marketing strategies adopted by Mark and Spencer in enhancing market dominance in the UK fashion industry. For the past several decades, Mark and Spencer’s mission has revolved around the delivery of quality, value, and service to consumers. Majority of marketing strategies adopted by the company revolves around five key principles that include the development of long-term relationships with suppliers, supporting the domestic (British) industry, the provision of value through the delivery of a selected range of merchandise delivered at affordable prices, utilizing the company’s brand, and capitalizing on promotional activities. Literature Review The research proposal aims to provide key insights concerning the strategies adopted by Mark and Spencer in expanding its marketing strategies and growth potential in the UK retail industry in addition to examining specific strategies that have enabled the company to enjoy a dominating market share. Other than the exploration of specific marketing strategies adopted by Mark and Spencer, this paper aims to provide recommendations regarding marketing strategies that could be adopted by other firms within the industry in efforts aimed at enhancing competitive advantage and market dominance. Furthermore, the research will analyze the current situation in the UK fashion industry with respect to the prevailing marketing strategies adopted by companies in the industry. In turn, it will review potential contributions of marketing strategies to the popularity of the UK fashion industry and subsequently, establish the principles for evaluating the application of marketing strategies in the gro wth of the industry. Owing to the complexity of strategies used by firms within the industry to attract customers, this study will concentrate in the examination and exploration of marketing strategies adopted by firms within the UK fashion industry with particular focus being directed to specific marketing strategies adopted by Mark and Spencer Group plc. Majority of research studies have been conducted in examining the fashion industry in the United Kingdom. Among the research studies relating to the application use of marketing strategies in the fashion and apparel industry, majority of them were concentrated in the study of the general application of marketing strategies on the industry wide perspective. For instance, Myers (2004) and Helen (2011) centered their studies in the examination of effects of globalization of the marketing activities of firms in the apparel industry while Ferguson (2004) based his research studies on factors contributing to the general growth and development of firms within the industry. Equally, the effects of internet marketing on the marketing activities of various firms is also another research topic that has received significant attention as far as the exploration of marketing strategies is concerned (David, 2011). Birtwistle, Nobbs, Fiorito (2003) examined the aspect of marketing strategies of firm s within the industry from the pricing strategy perspective while failing to touch on other marketing strategy factors. As such, my research analysis failed to single out a particular research study that had been conducted to explore particular marketing strategies from one retailer in the UK fashion industry. For this reason, I decided to conduct a research study that is specifically related to the identification of marketing strategies adopted by a single firm in the industry. I selected to concentrate on Mark and Spencer, in part due to its popularity and success in the UK fashion industry and as well, due to the diverse marketing strategies adopted by the firm in efforts aimed at maximizing its competitive advantage and dominant share in the UK fashion industry. During the past two decades, the UK fashion industry has undergone several transformations characterized by the increase in the number of retailers specializing in the sale of fashion apparels (Grete, Noreen, Fiorito, 2003). The UK fashion industry is concentrated by both established retailers of variety clothing and specialist retailers. Examples of specialist retailers in the industry include Wallis, Miss Selfridges, Dorothy Perkins, Top Shop, Warehouse, and Next. Established retailers of variety clothing include Marks Spencer, Bhs, Primark, New Look, Matalan, and George (in leading supermarket chains). Equally dominant are international chains such as Zara International, Gap, HM, Benton, and Kookai among others ((Grete, Noreen, Fiorito, 2003). The intense competition in the UK fashion industry can be attributed to the presence of such companies. Among these industry players, Marks and Spencer is the most dominant and controls the largest market share, approximately 15%. Andrew (1998) argues that the intense competition is dangerous to undifferentiated or inefficient retailers given that they will be unable to survive in the increasingly competitive market environment due to expanded product proliferation, and increased pressure to lower prices for products. Specific Marketing Strategies adopted by Marks and Spencer Marks Spencer has enjoyed a dominant market position in the UK fashion industry and this can be attributed to the application of creative and innovative marketing strategies. According to Mandy, Christopher, Karinna (2006), Marks and Spencer, for a long time, has adopted seemingly focused and direct marketing strategies that targets customers based on needs, demands, lifestyle, and cultures among potential customers. David 2011supports this idea by arguing that marketing strategies adopted by Marks and Spencer are based on informed, tactical, and high quality strategic goals and objectives of marketing. Of great significance is the strategic and unique style of promoting its products and services that is incomparable to other established competitors within the market such as The Gap, HM, Benton, and Kookai among others. Such established competitors have utilized multiple promotional strategies that are mostly targeted towards the elite class within the UK fashion industry. Other insightful research analysis identified a number of particular strategies that are commonly adopted by Marks and Spencer in the UK fashion industry. This includes market segmentation, targeting strategies, positioning strategies, and advertising. The increasingly uncertain and changing market environment calls for the design of innovative marketing strategies based on solid marketing information in order to capitalize the opportunities presented by the market. The analysis of these marketing strategies is presented below; Market Segmentation Marks and Spencer utilizes the segmentation strategy to promote its brand among to the consumers. Through the segmentation strategy, the company focuses on particular segmentation strategies to enhance the brand image of the company. The main target market for Marks and Spencer is the middle-aged person but it as well utilizes other segmentation variables to capture the largest market possible. Under the segmentation strategy are the following segmentation criteria: Psychographic Segmentation This segmentation strategy entails placing much focus on particular customer aspects such as lifestyle and personality. Amalesh (2011) defines personality aspect of segmentation as referring to the activity of defining a brand according to the personality traits of the targeted market. Marks and Spencer’s brand personality characterizes the personality of an educated middle-aged person with a relative and active sense of fashion. On the other hand, the lifestyle strategy entails placing focus on particular characteristics of individuals within the target market. For instance, Marks and Spencer targets middle-aged individuals with relative sense of fashion and active lifestyles. Behavioral Segmentation This segmentation strategy entails promoting products based on observable conducts of the target market. Such conducts of behavior include the types of benefits that clients look for in a product, the occasion of purchase, the usage of the product, and the beliefs and perceptions of the client (Amalesh, 2011). In terms of beliefs and perception, the Marks and Spencer brand is presented as traditional and standard clothing whereas the purchase occasion entails the availability of different varieties of clothing and apparels that are specifically designed for particular occasions. Concerning usage, a substantial volume of clothing sold by Marks and Spencer goes to heavy users. Last on behavioral segmentation are the benefits sought by clients, which are mostly associated with the high quality and affordable goods. Profile Segmentation This segmentation strategy entails promoting products based on the study of factors such as demographics, geographical location, and socio-economic variables. Regarding geographic factors, Marks and Spencer focuses on wealthy individuals who live in affluent locations and leafy suburbs within the UK. These locations include professional and prosperous metropolitan areas, and Home Counties. Regarding socio-economic variables, Marks Spencer mainly targets well-educated individuals who have excelled in their careers and individuals with substantial levels of income (Mandy, Christopher, Karinna, 2006). Demographic characteristics of clients targeted by Marks and Spencer involve middle-aged individuals within the 30-54 age group brackets. Most of individuals within this age group are have families, active in their lives and careers and have substantial income levels. Targeting Strategies Marks and Spencer utilizes a multi-segment target marketing strategy as compared to the focused targeting strategy that is common with different firms within the industry. Although middle-aged women have been identified as contributing to a significant percentage of total revenues for the company, Marks and Spencer designs, its marketing strategies to target other clients provided they fit the socio-economic class and other characteristics of the target population (Birtwistle, Nobbs, Fiorito, 2003). For instance, the company produces high quality products that targets men in the population, and these products are designed to enhance the company’s brand image within the clothing and apparel industry. For this reason, the company is not capable of following a differentiated approach due to differences associated with pricing strategies among clients within the fashion industry. Different individuals have different needs, demands, and luxuries and hence, Marks and Spencer target s individuals from the high-income class. Positioning Strategy Owing to the increased international presence of the company, Marks and Spencer has been forced to change its market positioning strategy to place the brand to meet the needs of a particular market segment. For instance, the strategic positioning of the company in the UK is different from that positioning strategy used to position the company in, say America (Alexander, 1995). The positioning strategy of the company in the United Kingdom is based on high-quality brand that is aimed at enhancing the company’s brand equity and attracting the loyalty of customers. Through the positioning strategy, Marks and Spencer has managed to establish itself as a distinguished company within the UK fashion industry. Online Shopping Technological advancements and the increased use of the internet have transformed the manner with which many organizations conduct their marketing transactions. The development of e-Commerce platforms has made it easier for Marks and Spencer to promote its products to clients. The increased online shopping preference among clients has promoted the online shopping platform by Marks and Spencer. Coupled with Marks and Spencer financials services, it has become increasingly possible for clients to conduct their shopping online and products delivered to agreed locations (Amalesh, 2011). How this proposal fits to the literature and Links with the Literature This research proposal is aimed at the exploration of marketing strategies adopted by Marks and Spencer to increase its market share in the UK fashion industry. The analysis of the literature has revealed a number of pertinent issues that not only relates to the significance of marketing strategies in the UK fashion industry but also the exploration of marketing strategies that have been utilized by Marks and Spencer to deliver products to the targeted market. Judging from the intense competition of companies in UK’s fashion industry, companies will most likely be forced to develop creative and innovative marketing strategies to enable them survive and maintain a competitive advantage in the industry. This research proposal aims to explore the above the practicability of the marketing strategies identified from the review of literature with reference to Marks and Spencer. The examination of past literature clearly identifies unique and creative strategies that have been adopted by Marks and Spencer in efforts to maintain its dominant position in the industry. As such, the aims of this proposal are directly linked to the factors examined in the review of literature. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework The analysis of the literature has identified key concepts of marketing strategies that are essential for enabling Marks and Spencer to maintain a dominant and competitive position in the UK fashion industry. Additionally, the review of literature has provided some key insights regarding marketing strategies that can be adopted by firms within the UK fashion industry to enhance their market share and attain competitive advantage. Although the process will involve the analysis and exploration of other marketing terms within the industry, the examination of the strategies identified in the literature review can provided a general concept for assessing and exploring the types of marketing strategies adopted by companies such as Marks and Spencer in the UK fashion industry. In turn, this will serve as guidance to the development of research questions and research hypotheses. Industry Background Majority of findings revealed in the review of literature were obtained from past studies and researches that had been conducted on earlier periods. Additionally, majority of such studies concentrated on the general marketing perspectives of firms within the UK fashion industry, and in situations where the studies were specific, a selected marketing strategy was investigated. No single research study was dedicated to the study of marketing strategies adopted by a particular company such as the case with Marks and Spencer. The UK fashion industry is growing at an increasing rate and it is characterized by intense competition among firms. Hence, there is the need for each firm to develop creative and innovative ideas and implement the identified ideas into their marketing strategies in order to increase its chances of survival within the industry. In light of such revelations, this research study aims to undertake a research study to explore the types of marketing strategies adopted by a typical firm in the UK fashion industry. Marks and Spencer is the selected company and hence, the research study will limit itself to the examination and exploration of marketing strategies adopted by Marks and Spencer to enable it increase its market share and enjoy a substantial share of the market. Findings from this research study will be of significance importance to Marks and Spencer, and other firms within the UK fashion industry. It will also provide insights to the market analysts in predicting the future directions and marketing strategies. Research aim This research proposal is aimed at the exploration of marketing strategies adopted by firms in the UK fashion industry. Particular focus is placed on the marketing strategies of adopted by Marks and Spencer to enhance its market share, to enhance its profitability, how it maintains its dominant position, and finally sustain its competitive advantage. Research Questions and hypotheses The following research questions have been designed to limit the study to a specific area of focus and as well, to promote easier handling of variables. RQ 1: Should a firm in the UK fashion industry such as Marks and Spencer adopt specific marketing strategies to enable it to compete effectively and attain a dominant market share? RQ 2: Does marketing strategies have an effect on the market share and growth of Marks and Spencer in the UK fashion Industry? Research Hypotheses The following research hypotheses were formulated based on the research questions above. RH 1: It is necessary for a firm operating in the UK fashion industry, such as Marks and Spencer to develop and adopt particular marketing strategies to enable it to enhance its competitive advance and improve on its market share. RH 2: Marketing strategies play a significant role in influencing the market share and growth of firms in the UK fashion industry such as Marks and Spencer Research Objectives RO 1: Identify and define marketing strategies as critical aspects in improving the market share and competitive advantage of firms in the UK fashion industry RO 2: Explore the factors that lead firms such as Marks and Spencer to implement and adopt differentiated or undifferentiated marketing strategies in the UK fashion industry RO 3: Identify specific or particular marketing strategies adopted Marks and Spencer to enhance its market share, and improve its dominant position RO 4: Scrutinize the impacts of marketing activities in the overall growth and market share of Marks and Spencer in the UK fashion industry. RO 5: Evaluate the contributions of the marketing strategies to the overall business strategy of Marks and Spencer Research Methodology Marketing strategies are fundamental aspects in any business organization and they play critical roles in determining the level of productivity and profitability, the level of competitive advantage, and in influencing the market share and dominance. It is through marketing strategies that organizations are capable of realizing its stipulated goals and objectives. Other than these factors, marketing strategies are necessary for shaping the overall picture of an organization and the manner it presents itself to the outside community. Over the past few years, the UK fashion industry has undergone tremendous transformations and new firms, both domestic and international, have rolled out operations with the aim of capitalizing on the available profitable opportunities. As such, the market has become increasingly competitive making it difficult for less competitive firms to survive. Although each firm utilizes its own marketing strategies, it remains unclear, in particular as efforts to un derstand the type of marketing strategies employed by firms in industry. This research proposal aims to explore the type of marketing strategies adopted by firms in the UK fashion industry with particular focus being given to the marketing strategies adopted by Marks and Spencer. Research philosophy This research proposal will utilize the positivist research philosophy based on the foundation of factors that can be observed within the UK fashion industry. Under this philosophy, such observable factors will be used in the generalization of issues just in the same manner as if the way physical and natural scientists used observable phenomenon to generalize on particular issues (Denzin, 2006). The researcher in this study will utilize the propositions of objective analysis to make generalizations based on the evidence or data collected from the field research. This philosophy will guide the research being proposed in this study to place focus on structured methodologies and objectives as a way of facilitating replication of information in addition to placing emphasis on much quantifiable features that can be related to statistical analysis of aspects. This philosophy is ideal because it enables the researcher to be distant and less influential on the outcomes of the research thereb y facilitating reliability. Research Approaches This research study will utilize both deductive and inductive research approaches. The deductive approach will be applicable given that the idea of marketing strategies of firms in the UK fashion industry such as Marks and Spencer will be examined and verified using data obtained from the study. The deductive approach will also be necessary to enable the study to follow particular sequences and stages before arriving at valid findings. Inductive approaches entail the process of collecting, analyzing, and refining data to provide future directions for further research. Research Participants This research will be undertaken in Westminster City, London and it will involve conducting interviews with a portion of employees, marketing managers, and customers at the main branch in Westminster. This region was selected because it is the headquarters of Marks and Spencer, and hence, a lot of information can be obtained from the selected participants. Other information will be obtained from secondary sources such as the review of literature to obtain general information relating to the industry. Research validity and reliability Validity in this research proposal will be obtained by ensuring accuracy in measurement processes, assessment instruments, and ensuring the realization of stipulated objectives. Concerning reliability, measures will be taken to ensure that repeated assessment or measurement will yield the same results provided the same conditions will be maintained (Blumberg, Cooper, and Schindler, 2005). Relationship among research items Research items in this proposal are designed in a manner that the main research aim will be addressed through the formulation specific research questions are supported by the formulated objectives and hypotheses (Yin, 2003). As such, all research items will be interrelated at one stage within the research process and they will all be critical addressing the aim of the study and providing answers to research objectives and questions. Appropriateness of triangulation As mentioned above, data reliability and validity will be some of the most significant aspects that will be allocated much priority in this research study. Realizing such objectives will involve the process of mixing different methods of data or data assessment methods in order to ascertain whether different results or viewpoints can be obtained from this study (Simon and Vosseberg, 2001). Additionally, the study will involve mixing different data collection strategies given that marketing managers, customers, and employees of Marks and Spencer will be interviewed. Majority of senior managers can only be reached through mail questionnaires. These factors calls for the adoption of a triangulation approach to facilitate the mixing of different research studies. Timescale The timescale for this research proposal is represented in the Gantt Chart below: Gantt Chart For purposes of facilitating this research study, specific resources and research materials will be

Should Students Wear Uniforms Free Essays

Are Uniforms A Good Way to Improve Students Discipline and Motivation? AED 200 Introduction Uniforms have been a big debate for years. Some educators and parents believe feel uniforms are a great addition to the school system while others feel it is not giving student’s freedom of speech by expressing themselves in what they wear. Should Students Wear Uniforms? Should students wear uniforms is the big debate across school districts across the united states today. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Students Wear Uniforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Eduguide. rg, school uniforms are one step that may break the cycle of violence; truancy and disorder by helping young students understand what really counts. Some feel students benefit from uniforms because it boosts their self-esteem. Students also have feel like they are in a fashion show dressing in uniforms makes students realize what on the inside that counts. Uniforms decrease the influence of gangs and are known to make things difficult for weapons being brought in hidden inside of clothes. Uniforms improve learning. Uniforms reduce distraction and shapes focus on school work and making the classroom a more serious environment. Uniforms improve behavior and increase school attendance. Uniforms save families time and money. Parents report uniforms are cheaper than buying designer clothes or keeping up with the latest trends. Uniforms helps the administrators quickly identify outsiders who could be a danger to the students. Some people believe uniforms shows neatness by requiring students to tuck in their shirts, wear belts and wear shoes similar in color. Students dressing the same decreases teasing about clothing and shoe appearance. Uniforms prepare children for following a dress code for the future when they reach adulthood and join the workforce. Some children form their own groups in school in which wearing a certain thing or color or style. Some children use fashion trends to differentiate the popular ones from the unpopular children according to what they wear. Uniforms make it less possible for kids to be judged based on clothing choices. Uniforms prevent the competition to have the most fashionable clothes. Competition in school causes students to lose focus on schoolwork instead of on who is wearing the latest fashion trends. Uniforms eliminate clothes competiveness. Another article from Proffessorshouse. com states that some people claim that requiring a uniform increase graduation rates and also has an impact on children’s educational experience. Students performed on the uniform debate claim that uniforms encourage discipline, helps prevent social groups from forming opinions based on fashion status, gets rid of economic barriers and makes easily to identify persons at the school who should not be there. The article also talks about how some form of dress codes enforced around 75% of all schools dress codes are in place to outlaws offensive clothing being worn to the school. After reviewing another article from Ezinearticles. com uniforms create a source of identity and provides a sense of belonging according to the article the article some children’s believe the school chosen for them is a sort of achievement and the school uniform is a mark of inclusion, something to brag about and they feel proud and empowered wearing it. It eliminates the child having to worry about what to wear each day. Uniforms also relieve the parent of having to spend money to helping the child to keep up with the latest trends every day. Uniforms allow a sense of unified purpose to develop particular rivalry with other establishments. Uniforms reinforce children’s since of belonging to reassuring communities. In a 1996 Long Beach, Calif. speech, former President Bill Clinton announced his support of that district’s uniform initiative. It didn’t get far in the United States but it also helped start the debate. Uniforms also closes the debate on what children are allowed wear to school, then that makes mornings easier for parents and for children. Everyone knows exactly what the kids need to wear, their regulated school uniform. This leads to a decrease in morning arguments. Some experts believe that when the entire student body is dressed in uniforms, they develop a stronger team mentality. When they are all dressed alike, their all-for-one-and-one-for-all attitude is boosted. With parents saving by not having to buy day to day clothes, they can let their children buy a few nicer and more fashionable clothes for weekends and evenings. Wearing a uniform five days a week can make children appreciate their weekend fashions more. Why Students Should Not Wear Uniforms Parents on the opposing side feel uniforms violate the right to freedom of speech and expression; a uniform cost too much for families struggling financially, uniforms are a band aid on the problem of school violence and does not address the real issues behind it. Uniforms hide warning signs that point to problems that maybe going on with the child. Some feel that uniforms have not been able to prove wither the decreased discipline or violence and uniforms fail to allow children the ability to learn and make good choices based on their own values. Most feel that uniform are not allowing children to be themselves. Some believe that children cannot be themselves clothes are an expression of who they are. Parents feel that uniforms can be more expensive than regular clothes. Some parents may feel they are a big waste of money wither the school paid for them or not. Some feel uniforms made children uncomfortable and made them focus on the uniform rather than focusing on school work. Also uniforms do not change a child’s behavior in school. Wearing uniforms stop children from getting in trouble and acting out in school. Self-expression is an important part of a child’s development and curbing it with uniforms can be determined to children. Some feel if students are not able to express themselves will in another way by excessive make-up or hairstyles or jewelry. Uniform wear delays transitions into adulthood. Some experts feel teenagers to wear uniforms limits their ability to express in their own way in which can delay their transition in adulthood. Studies show uniforms can be a difficult to enforce in public schools. Conclusion Uniforms have many pros and cons, most believe uniforms are a good option for kids while others feel they can compromise who kids are through expressing themselves through the clothes they wear uniforms cuts down on violence and is a solution to economic problems parents may be facing today. My own personal experience with uniforms causes me to look at uniforms in both sides of the issue. I feel uniforms should be forced in middle or high school but voluntary in elementary schools. I feel most kids in elementary school do not notice what each other wear. Middle and high school is the times where students notice what the other person is wearing or form groups based on who they think are popular or the other. Uniforms are a choice based on school officials and it is up to the child or school if uniforms work. References Website: EduGuide. com Website: Ezarticle. com Website: About. com How to cite Should Students Wear Uniforms, Essay examples

Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) free essay sample

History of CBS TV network. Programming, ratings, news, cable, competition, late-night wars, strategic options. CBS was once the leading television network in terms of ratings, and today it is in third place among the three major networks and in some weeks has even dropped below the much smaller Fox network. The networks entertainment division is in disarray, with several programs that have long been popular slipping in the ratings because of changes in their time slot or new competition, and with no clear plan for the future. The news division has been slipping as well, with losses in viewership for its evening news broadcast and with various problems for its news magazine 60 Minutes, long one of the important money-making entities for the network. In part, CBS is being affected by changes in network television viewing across America, with new competition from cable and satellite television as well as from revitalized independent channels. We will write a custom essay sample on Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet CBS seems to be facing

Cultural differences

Introduction It is a moral and social responsibility of organizations and business enterprises to embrace cultural diversity within their organizational workforce (Ãâ€"zbilgin, 2009). The reliance on a diverse organizational workforce normally serves to be a sign of the diversity of the community that the business organization undertakes its operations. Ignoring cultural diversity can impose significant effects on the business performance of an organization, and can additionally impose huge costs regarding the damaged business reputation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural diversity can generally be described as valuing every organizational member as an individual. With this respect, managing diversity is core to the effective management of people within an organization, and it is usually relevant to the all the business processes and functions (Marlene , 2000). The significant challenge when managing diversity is to establish an organizational culture that meets the values of every organizational member, which is needed to foster employee productivity. Research studies report that most organizations are faced with difficulties during workforce recruitment, as a result, business enterprises and organizations that do not emphasize on managing diversity are gradually risking in the increasing competition for available talent across diverse cultures. In the present business environment that is competitive, it is imperative that business enterprises explore all the potential sources that can be used to create a competitive advantage (Kwiatkowski, 2005). The implication of this is that employers must have an in depth understanding of the aspect of diversity and its relationship with business performance, this offers a framework through which business enterprises can compete productively. This paper explores the cultural diversity issues that face the TMT companies in Europe, reasons why people may not appreciate the cultural point of view of others and how appreciating cultural diversity affects people’s ability to communicate effectively in the context of a multinational corporation. The paper also offers suggestions regarding the steps that the company can take and policies that can be put in order to ensure that its global expansion strategy is successful.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons why people may not appreciate the cultural viewpoint of others The most significant challenge posed by cultural diversity in an organization is miscommunication; this is because of the differences in the interpretations of the messages associated with cross-cultural communication. This implies that it is difficult to manage and motivate individuals in an organizational environment that is culturally diverse (Human, 2005). The second reason why individuals may not appreciate cultural viewpoint of others is because of cultural bias from the organizational members themselves. This entails cases of discrimination from fellow organizational members. This happens through avenues like racism. Through a high level of prejudice and biases, some people discriminate against other people who possess different characteristics. Cultural discrimination happens when the majority group confronts the representatives of minority group (Goldsmith Hu-Chan, 2003). In addition, assimilation is usually constrained by diversity in the organization. This is because any attempt to assimilate individuals into the organizational culture that is dominant poses negative influences to the organizational members and the larger organization. Additionally, individuals who have been subjected to assimilation usually have difficulties in expressing their opinions (Chartered Institute of Personal Development, 2006). How a ppreciating cultural diversity affects peoples’ ability to communicate effectively in the context of a multinational corporation Business enterprises have a moral and social responsibility of ensuring that they embrace diversity and equal opportunities. There are business case and legal case advantages associated with embracing diversity and equal opportunities within the organizational workforce. Diversity management is becoming an important concept that helps in the establishment of an organization that is diverse and reflects the community from which the organization undertakes its business operations (Bolman Deal, 2008). One of the most significant business case advantages associated with diversity and equal opportunities is that it results to an improved corporate reputation. Diversity in the workforce reflects an ethical position by the company, which in turn enhances the positive image of the company. This develops the partnership between the organization and its cust omers, which may help in expanding the customer base and ultimately the market share (Bishop Glynn, 1999). The second business case advantage is that diversity helps in the establishment of a reliable workforce owing to the fact that there are diverse people with diverse skills and experience. This is also enhanced by an extra source of talent for the company. The third business case advantage is that diversity and equal opportunity helps in improving the staff relations and employee productivity. This is achieved through the adoption of good practice during diversity management and the implementation of equal opportunity policies. Employee productivity transforms to customer satisfaction which implies increased profitability and an increase in the market share (Baum, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suggestions regarding the steps that the company can take and policies that can be put in place to help ensure the company’s global expansion are successful The startup point for fostering cultural diversity within any organization entails valuing the individual differences and considering them as an organizational asset owing to the fact that individuals are usually different and distinctive in their own way, implying that each person within the organization has his/her own strengths and weakness. Basing on this, the organization can make use of the rich mix of talent, expertise and experience which can offer significant contributions that can enhance organizational and individual performance (Bolman Deal, 2008). The most effective approach to managing cultural diversity should entail a more proactive approach. The following are the recommendations for TMT Companies in UK concerning the ways through which they can establish and sustain a diverse workforce and implement their equal opportunities policies (Kwiatkowski, 2005). The first recommendation for the company is that it should implement urgent strategic advantages. The company must tailor their diversity management approach in a manner that the strategic benefits can be evaluated and realized quickly after its implementation. This plays an integral role in the evaluation of the strategic success of the diversity management strategies. This requires the formulation of better protocols that are required to quantify the potential business contribution to the organization after the implementation of diversity management (Bishop Glynn, 1999). The second recommendation to the company is to focus on developing the strategic capability of its diversity practitioners. This requires further work aimed at strengthening the influencing ability and the strategic ability of the company’s diversity personnel. This will play an important role in embracing diversity by the company. The third recommendation for the company is that it should focus on the gro wth of executive diversity leaders in order to address the diversity challenges facing the company. In order to realize this, the company can rely on the services of professional development providers and effective leadership approaches that embrace the significance of diversity within the organization.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, it is recommended that the senior diversity practitioners within the organization should work closely together with top management team in order to facilitate the establishment of a more diverse organizational culture across all the organizational levels (IBM, 2009). Flexibility is also an important attribute that business leaders in the present business environment can deploy in order to overcome the challenges imposed by cultural diversity. It can be viewed from two distinctive categories: the capability to carry out ones duties irrespective of cultures and location and the ability to handle change and uncertainty in the complex business environment. In the context of cultural flexibility, efficient leaders should be able to go beyond cultural margins and come up with leadership approaches that are necessary for conducting business at the international level. They have to appreciate the fact that no single leadership methodology will be suitable for the different cult ural orientations and therefore he should be able adjust his/her leadership approach in order to meet the situation (Ãâ€"zbilgin, 2009). An implementation of the above guarantees an improvement in the business performance of the organization, competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and employee productivity. It is therefore important that the company does not only realize the importance of diversity and equal opportunity policies beyond complying with the legal requirements (Goldsmith Hu-Chan, 2003). References Baum, J. (1996). Organizational Ecology. London: Sage Publications. Bishop, R., Glynn, T. (1999). Culture Counts: changing power relations in education. Palmerston North: Dunmore press. Bolman, L., Deal, T. (2008). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Chartered Institute of Personal Development. (2006). Diversity in Business: How Much progress have employers made? Diversity in Business , 3-15. Go ldsmith, M., Hu-Chan, M. (2003). Global leadership: the next generation. New York: Pearson education Inc Prentice hall. Human, N. (2005). Diversity management: for business success. London: Van Schaik. IBM. (2009). IBM Global Study: Majority of Organisational Change Projects Fail. Retrieved from ibm.com: https://www.ibm.com/hk-en?lnk=m Kwiatkowski, R. (2005). Trends in organisations and selection: an introduction. Journal of Managerial Psychology , 18 (5), 382-394. Marlene, G. (2000). Cultural Diversity in the Workplace: The State of the Field. Journal of Business Communication , 33 (2), 488-502. Ãâ€"zbilgin, M. (2009). Equality, diversity and inclusion at work: a research companion. Washington, DC: Edward Elgar Publishing. This essay on Cultural differences was written and submitted by user Colleen Wing to help you with your own studies. 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Schroeder Surname Meaning and Family History

Schroeder Surname Meaning and Family History The German last name Schrà ¶der  or Schroeder is an occupational name for a tailor or cutter of cloth, from the Middle Low German schroden or schraden, meaning to cut. In northern Germany, Schroeder was sometimes translated as drayman, or one who delivered beer and wine. Schrà ¶der  is the 16th most common German surname. Surname Origin: German Alternate Surname Spellings:  SCHRÃâ€"DER,  SCHRODER, SCHRADER, SCHRØDER Famous People with the SCHROEDER  Surname Richard Bartlett Ricky  Schroder, Jr. - American actor and film directorFriedrich Ludwig Schrà ¶der - German actor and prominent masonic  leaderAbel Schrà ¸der - Danish woodcarverChrista Schroeder - personal secretary to Adolph HitlerErnst Schrà ¶der  - German mathematician Where is the SCHROEDER  Surname Most Common? Surname maps from Verwandt.de indicate the  Schrà ¶der surname  is most common in northwestern Germany, especially in areas such as Hamburg, Region Hannover, Bremen, Lippe, Diepholz, Herford, Rendsburg-Eckernfà ¶rde, Mrkischer Kreis and  Hochsauerlandkreis. Surname distribution maps  from  Forebears  do not specifically address the  Schrà ¶der spelling but indicate that the surname Shroder is most prevalent in Germany (although not as common as Schroeder), while the majority of individuals with the Schroeder spelling live in the United States. Based on population percentage, however, Schroeder is a much more common surname in Germany and is especially common in Luxembourg, where it ranks as the 10th most common surname in the country. Data from WorldNames PublicProfiler varies (probably based on the interpretation of the umlaut spelling), pointing to Schroder being most prolific in Germany, followed by Denmark, Norway, Austria, and the Netherlands, while Shroeder is by far the most common in Luxembourg, followed by the United States. Genealogy Resources for the Surname SCHROEDER Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Schroeder  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Schroeder  family crest or coat of arms for the Schroeder surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. SCHROEDER  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Schroeder  ancestors around the world. DistantCousin.com - SCHROEDER  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Schroeder. GeneaNet - Schroeder  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Schroeder  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Schroeder  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Schroeder  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Understanding China and its Society, Business and Economics, Culture Essay

Understanding China and its Society, Business and Economics, Culture and Languages - Essay Example This essay is one of the best examples of comprehensive analysis of the Chinese political and economic systems. It also reviews cultural environment in the country. Despite the global crisis that has hampered business activities among nations, the Republic of China is determined to craft trading partnerships with countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and Taiwan among other countries in Asia, Europe and North America. China has expanded its business quest by forging trade agreements with a number of countries in Africa. Such partnerships have boosted its balance of payment. New markets in Africa, Europe and America have created more space for the rapidly growing industries in China to export the finished products to various destinations around the world. Today, the country’s economy has a greater potential to change the future prospects of the continent and world at large. The business culture of the country alongside the goodwill from its huge labor force has been instrumental to propelling the country to greater heights of development. According to the World Bank, China is the second largest economy considering its GDP. The Asian country is rich in culture and language owing to diverse nature of tribes and communities occupying the world’s most populous nation. The government recognizes the ruling party as atheist organization. However, China’s constitution acknowledges freedom of religion to all natives and foreigners. The government only permits people to practice one of the officially recognized religions that include Islam, Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism, and Protestantism. China’s main religious organizations are Taoism and Buddhism. The people consider Taoism as the folk history considering its long history among societies and ethnic groups in the country. The literacy rate of the country stands at 92.2 percent according to the World Bank report released in 2012 (Chow 2010). Business and Economics China is among few Asian nations with promising economies with large amounts of imports and exports. It is among the fastest growing economies in the continent, which include Japan, South Korea and North Korea (Chow 2010). Despite the global crisis that has hampered business activities among nations, the Republic of China is determined to craft trading partnerships with countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and Taiwan among other countries in Asia, Europe and North America. China has expanded its business quest by forging trade agreements with a number of countries in Af rica (Chow 2010). Such partnerships have boosted its balance of payment. New markets in Africa, Europe and America have created more space for the rapidly growing industries in China to export the finished products to various destinations around the world. Apparently, China’s economy has recorded remarkable performance for the last three decades with manufacturing and service industries accounting for the biggest percentage of exports. This has influenced the country’s GDP in positive direction (Chow 2010). Over 500 million Chinese can now afford decent living following various initiative of the government to lift citizens from poverty. Chances are high that China might emerge as the leading economy of the world by 2030 notwithstanding challenges regarding controlling its huge population (Lin 2012). It has the potential to become a modern, creative and high-income society. It is yet to implement strategies that will ensure it achieve its business and economic ambitions . As far as the country’s future prospects in business are concerned, China has the potential to turnaround it technological progresses to achieve greater development (Lin 2012). Apparently, China has a huge human resource base which key to growth and development of industries of various

Quality Engineering Management of 3D Printing Research Proposal

Quality Engineering Management of 3D Printing - Research Proposal Example The introduction of the 3D printer has been one of the most remarkable examples of technological advancements through which, the users are allowed to transform any form of digital file into a physical product of three-dimensional innovations. 3D printing is highly customizable and the users can produce their desired three-dimensional objects according to their choices. The development of 3D printing has served beneficial for various manufacturing industries, creative industries, as well as within the dimension of research and education. However, there are various challenges and problems of 3D printing technology, essential to solving in order to improve the quality of output, which will be discussed in the research study. 3D printing has contributed much to the industrial sectors and individuals with its technology through which, a digital file can easily be converted into a three dimensional object. However, there are certain problems encountered when implementing the technology tha t is negatively affecting the users to obtain a desired and reliable outcome. 3D printing is used almost in every manufacturing industry such as automobiles, apparels, aircraft and firearms among others.Moreover, the technology has also contributed much in the film industries for adding various special effects to creations, especially when developing animated movies. The problems in the technology of 3D printing will negatively influence the output produced by these industries that will ultimately affect the performance of the industries.

Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power MPPT

Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power MPPT Design and Optimization of a Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power Maximum Power Point Tracker A. KocabaÃ…Å ¸ and H.Ä °. OkumuÃ…Å ¸ Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon/Turkey Abstract- As the issue of efficiency is one of the most important fundamentals of solar power generation, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) systems have an important duty in solar power management systems in solar power generation. This paper includes study of the design and improvement of fuzzy logic based solar power MPPT, and the methodology to achieve the best system performance. MPPT system was evaluated at the DC-DC power converters ability of impedance conversion point of view and cooperation of fuzzy logic theory. The parameters of fuzzy inference system are optimized to obtain the fastest and accurate system responses. The performance of the proposed fuzzy logic based MPPT under various operating conditions compared and improvement of this performance is dealt with. The fuzzy logic MPPT function realized using a buck-boost power converter. Computer simulations practiced and simulation results also represented. Keywords- Maximum Power Point Tracking, Fuzzy Logic Control, Solar Power Generation. Solar power is one of the most harmless and cleanest, plentiful supply of energy in the world. It is unfailing and like to be our fundamental supply of power in future [1]-[2]. Solar power has already used widely for industrial, commercial, residential and military applications. Performance of solar power generation by photovoltaic (PV) cells depends on the environmental conditions such as insolation, sunlight tilt, load variations, airmass and cell temperature [10]. Power converter units should be associated with the PV cells and the load to control the power flow from the PV cells to the load. PV systems use MPPT systems to maximize power output, by the ability of continually arranging the duty ratio increment command of the switching device in the power converter unit. Algorithms used in MPPT systems maximize power extractions of PV cells by controlling the duty ratio of the power converter with the changing PV cell output variable combinations like changes in power versus changes in voltage etc. MPPT algorithms such as perturb and observe, incremental conductance have been evaluated until now. [3]. Unchanging step size for the control signal, increment of the duty ratio command, used in these methods. Too small steps sizes cause slow tracking process and too large step sizes cause oscillations around the maximum power point (MPP). To perform automatically adjusting step sizes, variable step sizing algorithms such as fuzzy logic has been developed [4]-[7]. Specification of fuzzy logic controllers is made according to their skill of simulating human thinking. Different than conventional controllers, fuzzy controllers have the ability to experimental methods and their results to design variable step sizes of control signals without the need of understanding the systems mathematical model [9]. Effectiveness of the MPPT algorithm is directly related with the input and the output variables that are selected for the system. In general for output variable, duty ratio of the power switch selected. As input variables; power (P) versus voltage (V) slope and changes of the slope, P-V slope and variation of power, variation of power and variation of voltage, sum of conductance and increment of conductance would be selected [8]. In this paper as inputs of the controller variation of power and variation of voltage, as an out put duty ratio of the power switch selected. Sunpower SPR-305E-WHT-D (One series module and one parallel strings) PV panel used for simulations in this paper. The characteristics of the PV panel at 25  °C and at various irradiation levels are shown in Figure 1. The characteristics of the PV panel at 1000 W/m2 and at various temperature levels are shown in Figure 2. To make the analysis simple, we have worked on resistive load. Figure 3 illustrates the circuitry of PV panel and resistive load, and current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics with an irradiation 1000 W/m2 and temperature of 25  °C. The intersection of the I-V characteristic curve (blue) of the PV panel and load I-V curve (red) is the operating point of the system. From this figure it can be observed that the operating point changes with the change of the load value. The maximum power point (MPP) can be achieved through proper selection of the load. Maximum power may be extracted from the PV array by incorporating an intelligent mechanism altering the load resistan ce of the PV array. Power converters are usually used to achieve this purpose. Figure 1. The characteristics of the PV panel at 25  °C and at various irradiation levels. Figure 2. The characteristics of the PV panel at 1000 W/m2 and at various temperature levels. Figure 3. PV system with resistive load Figure 4 shows the block diagram of the investigated MPPT system. The system includes a PV panel, a buck-boost power converter and a fuzzy logic based MPPT controller. The function of controlling power flow from source to the load is carried out by the zeta type buck-boost converter as shown in Figure 5. The values of converter circuit elements are Lin = 11  µH, L1 = 378  µH, CIN = C1 = 1000  µF and CPV = 680  µF. The pulse width modulation (PWM) switching frequency was set to 200 kHz. Internal resistances were ignored to obtain (1) on the converters input and output voltage equation in steady state: (1) If we assume that converter operates lossless with a resistive load RL, the value of the power obtained from this PV system would be: (2) It is demonstrated additionally, in Figure 5, that P-V curves at miscellaneous irradiation levels according (2) and miscellaneous duty ratio commands with the ohmic load 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. The intersections show the operating points of PV system. In this study fuzzy theory is used to design the MPPT controller. Required fuzzy input variables are generated by fuzzy MPPT controllers by reading voltage and current signals obtained from the PV panel. The fuzzy input variables would then can be used to calculate the increment of the duty ratio command for adjusting operating point of the PV panel in order to maximize the power extraction. In Figure 6 the flowchart of the calculation process illustrated. Designs of fuzzy controllers are varies according to the input variables selected. As mentioned before in this paper as input variables, variation of power and variation of voltage of the PV array selected. Figure 4. Solar MPPT system. Figure 5. Power converter and PV power characteristics. Figure 6. Flowchart of calculation process. A. Fuzzy MPPT Tracking Algorithm In this study fuzzy logic MPPT system used variations of PV cell power output (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV) and variations of voltage (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV) as the fuzzy input variables. By using MATLAB Simulink proposed solar power maximum power point tracking system implemented and universe of discourse (UOC) of input and output membership functions determined. After determination of UOD membership functions, they are grouped with the names negative big, negative small, zero, positive small, positive big (NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB). Fuzzy rules database is shown in Figure 7. Iterations made by moving on the P-V slopes specified regions as shown in the figure 7. Figure 7. Fuzzy rules for algorithm using à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV and à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV as the inputs. First of all symmetric membership functions used in the simulations as shown in Figure 9 and then asymmetrical membership functions used as shown in Figure 10. The performance difference compared then. For fuzzification; Mamdani method and for defuzzification; centre of gravity method used in this study. Fuzzy interface system evaluated by using MATLAB Simulink fuzzy logic toolbox. Figure 8. Fuzzy controller s surface of rule base. Figure 9. (a) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV (b) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV (c) Membership function for increment of duty ratio command. Figure 10. Asymmetrical input membership functions (a) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV (b) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV (c) Membership function for increment of duty ratio command. Purposed MPPT system is simulated by using different types of membership functions for comparison and validation. MATLAB/Simulink model block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. MATLAB/Simulink model block diagram of the system By using membership functions shown in Figure 9 the simulation results obtained as shown in Figure 12 and by using membership functions shown in Figure 10 the simulation results obtained as shown in Figure 13. Figure 12. Simulation results (symmetrical membership functions used) Figure 13. Simulation results (asymmetrical membership functions used) As shown in figures above when symmetrical membership functions used the fuzzy controlling system was unable to respond quickly to the rapid changes of irradiation so that fitting time of output power curve was longer and this is a disadvantage of the controlling system that is undesired. Beside at low irradiance levels MPPT controller couldnt produce accurate control signals and PV panels operating point was different than the maximum power point. The performance difference of the designed system when two types of membership functions used respectively can be seen more clearly from Figure 14. Figure 14. Output power of PV panel. Here we can see the disadvantages of using symmetrical membership functions. To overcome this problem and improve the system response speed to the changes of irradiation then asymmetrical membership functions has developed. Another benefit of developed system is that, at low irradiation levels precision of MPPT is more higher. In this paper a fuzzy logic based solar maximum power point tracking system was designed and different types of membership functions were used to optimize system power generation performance. To achieve the goal of higher precision and fastest system responses to the changes of irradiation levels different types of membership functions of inputs of fuzzy inference system were researched and compared with each other. It was revealed that using asymmetrical membership functions in the fuzzy logic controller had improved system performance at all operating conditions. From the results of simulations it can be inferred that the system performance is directly related with the optimization of the membership functions of fuzzy inference system. This study also leads to the study of the designing methodology of optimization of asymmetrical membership functions for better system performance. References [1] International Energy Agency. Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy, IEA Publications: Paris, France, 2014. [2] K. Tomabechi, Energy Resources in the Future. Energies 2010, pp. 686-695 [3]N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitellio, Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2005, pp. 963-973. [4]T. Yong, B. Xia, Z. Xu, W. Sun, Modified Asymmetrical Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic Systems. J. Power Electron. 2014, pp. 156-164. [5]C.S. Chin, P. Neelakantan, H.P. Yoong, K.T.K. Teo, Optimisation of Fuzzy Based Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV System for Rapidly Changing Solar Irradiance. Trans. Sol. Energy Plan. 2011, pp. 130-137 [6]T. Radjai, P.J. Gaubert, L. Rahmani, The new FLC-Variable Incremental Conductance MPPT Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (IEIE), Istanbul, 2014, pp. 2508-2513. [7]R. Rahmani, M. Seyedmahmoudian, S. Mekhilef, R. Yusof, Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Photovoltaic System. 2013, pp.209-218. [8]J-K. Shiau, Y-C. Wei, B-C. C, A Study on the Fuzzy Logic Based Solar Power MPPT Algorithms Using Different Fuzzy Input Variables. ISSN 1999-4893, 2015. [9]T.J. Ross, Fuzzy Logic With Engineering Applications, vol 2, pp. 1-652. [10]R. Hernanz, C. Martin, Z. Belver, L. Leseka, Z. Guerrero, P. Perez, Modelling of Photovoltaic Module., International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, 2010.