Cultural differences

Introduction It is a moral and social responsibility of organizations and business enterprises to embrace cultural diversity within their organizational workforce (Ãâ€"zbilgin, 2009). The reliance on a diverse organizational workforce normally serves to be a sign of the diversity of the community that the business organization undertakes its operations. Ignoring cultural diversity can impose significant effects on the business performance of an organization, and can additionally impose huge costs regarding the damaged business reputation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Cultural diversity can generally be described as valuing every organizational member as an individual. With this respect, managing diversity is core to the effective management of people within an organization, and it is usually relevant to the all the business processes and functions (Marlene , 2000). The significant challenge when managing diversity is to establish an organizational culture that meets the values of every organizational member, which is needed to foster employee productivity. Research studies report that most organizations are faced with difficulties during workforce recruitment, as a result, business enterprises and organizations that do not emphasize on managing diversity are gradually risking in the increasing competition for available talent across diverse cultures. In the present business environment that is competitive, it is imperative that business enterprises explore all the potential sources that can be used to create a competitive advantage (Kwiatkowski, 2005). The implication of this is that employers must have an in depth understanding of the aspect of diversity and its relationship with business performance, this offers a framework through which business enterprises can compete productively. This paper explores the cultural diversity issues that face the TMT companies in Europe, reasons why people may not appreciate the cultural point of view of others and how appreciating cultural diversity affects people’s ability to communicate effectively in the context of a multinational corporation. The paper also offers suggestions regarding the steps that the company can take and policies that can be put in order to ensure that its global expansion strategy is successful.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasons why people may not appreciate the cultural viewpoint of others The most significant challenge posed by cultural diversity in an organization is miscommunication; this is because of the differences in the interpretations of the messages associated with cross-cultural communication. This implies that it is difficult to manage and motivate individuals in an organizational environment that is culturally diverse (Human, 2005). The second reason why individuals may not appreciate cultural viewpoint of others is because of cultural bias from the organizational members themselves. This entails cases of discrimination from fellow organizational members. This happens through avenues like racism. Through a high level of prejudice and biases, some people discriminate against other people who possess different characteristics. Cultural discrimination happens when the majority group confronts the representatives of minority group (Goldsmith Hu-Chan, 2003). In addition, assimilation is usually constrained by diversity in the organization. This is because any attempt to assimilate individuals into the organizational culture that is dominant poses negative influences to the organizational members and the larger organization. Additionally, individuals who have been subjected to assimilation usually have difficulties in expressing their opinions (Chartered Institute of Personal Development, 2006). How a ppreciating cultural diversity affects peoples’ ability to communicate effectively in the context of a multinational corporation Business enterprises have a moral and social responsibility of ensuring that they embrace diversity and equal opportunities. There are business case and legal case advantages associated with embracing diversity and equal opportunities within the organizational workforce. Diversity management is becoming an important concept that helps in the establishment of an organization that is diverse and reflects the community from which the organization undertakes its business operations (Bolman Deal, 2008). One of the most significant business case advantages associated with diversity and equal opportunities is that it results to an improved corporate reputation. Diversity in the workforce reflects an ethical position by the company, which in turn enhances the positive image of the company. This develops the partnership between the organization and its cust omers, which may help in expanding the customer base and ultimately the market share (Bishop Glynn, 1999). The second business case advantage is that diversity helps in the establishment of a reliable workforce owing to the fact that there are diverse people with diverse skills and experience. This is also enhanced by an extra source of talent for the company. The third business case advantage is that diversity and equal opportunity helps in improving the staff relations and employee productivity. This is achieved through the adoption of good practice during diversity management and the implementation of equal opportunity policies. Employee productivity transforms to customer satisfaction which implies increased profitability and an increase in the market share (Baum, 1996).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Suggestions regarding the steps that the company can take and policies that can be put in place to help ensure the company’s global expansion are successful The startup point for fostering cultural diversity within any organization entails valuing the individual differences and considering them as an organizational asset owing to the fact that individuals are usually different and distinctive in their own way, implying that each person within the organization has his/her own strengths and weakness. Basing on this, the organization can make use of the rich mix of talent, expertise and experience which can offer significant contributions that can enhance organizational and individual performance (Bolman Deal, 2008). The most effective approach to managing cultural diversity should entail a more proactive approach. The following are the recommendations for TMT Companies in UK concerning the ways through which they can establish and sustain a diverse workforce and implement their equal opportunities policies (Kwiatkowski, 2005). The first recommendation for the company is that it should implement urgent strategic advantages. The company must tailor their diversity management approach in a manner that the strategic benefits can be evaluated and realized quickly after its implementation. This plays an integral role in the evaluation of the strategic success of the diversity management strategies. This requires the formulation of better protocols that are required to quantify the potential business contribution to the organization after the implementation of diversity management (Bishop Glynn, 1999). The second recommendation to the company is to focus on developing the strategic capability of its diversity practitioners. This requires further work aimed at strengthening the influencing ability and the strategic ability of the company’s diversity personnel. This will play an important role in embracing diversity by the company. The third recommendation for the company is that it should focus on the gro wth of executive diversity leaders in order to address the diversity challenges facing the company. In order to realize this, the company can rely on the services of professional development providers and effective leadership approaches that embrace the significance of diversity within the organization.Advertising Looking for essay on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, it is recommended that the senior diversity practitioners within the organization should work closely together with top management team in order to facilitate the establishment of a more diverse organizational culture across all the organizational levels (IBM, 2009). Flexibility is also an important attribute that business leaders in the present business environment can deploy in order to overcome the challenges imposed by cultural diversity. It can be viewed from two distinctive categories: the capability to carry out ones duties irrespective of cultures and location and the ability to handle change and uncertainty in the complex business environment. In the context of cultural flexibility, efficient leaders should be able to go beyond cultural margins and come up with leadership approaches that are necessary for conducting business at the international level. They have to appreciate the fact that no single leadership methodology will be suitable for the different cult ural orientations and therefore he should be able adjust his/her leadership approach in order to meet the situation (Ãâ€"zbilgin, 2009). An implementation of the above guarantees an improvement in the business performance of the organization, competitive advantage through customer satisfaction and employee productivity. It is therefore important that the company does not only realize the importance of diversity and equal opportunity policies beyond complying with the legal requirements (Goldsmith Hu-Chan, 2003). References Baum, J. (1996). Organizational Ecology. London: Sage Publications. Bishop, R., Glynn, T. (1999). Culture Counts: changing power relations in education. Palmerston North: Dunmore press. Bolman, L., Deal, T. (2008). Reframing organizations: Artistry, choice, and leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Chartered Institute of Personal Development. (2006). Diversity in Business: How Much progress have employers made? Diversity in Business , 3-15. Go ldsmith, M., Hu-Chan, M. (2003). Global leadership: the next generation. New York: Pearson education Inc Prentice hall. Human, N. (2005). Diversity management: for business success. London: Van Schaik. IBM. (2009). IBM Global Study: Majority of Organisational Change Projects Fail. Retrieved from ibm.com: https://www.ibm.com/hk-en?lnk=m Kwiatkowski, R. (2005). Trends in organisations and selection: an introduction. Journal of Managerial Psychology , 18 (5), 382-394. Marlene, G. (2000). Cultural Diversity in the Workplace: The State of the Field. Journal of Business Communication , 33 (2), 488-502. Ãâ€"zbilgin, M. (2009). Equality, diversity and inclusion at work: a research companion. Washington, DC: Edward Elgar Publishing. This essay on Cultural differences was written and submitted by user Colleen Wing to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Schroeder Surname Meaning and Family History

Schroeder Surname Meaning and Family History The German last name Schrà ¶der  or Schroeder is an occupational name for a tailor or cutter of cloth, from the Middle Low German schroden or schraden, meaning to cut. In northern Germany, Schroeder was sometimes translated as drayman, or one who delivered beer and wine. Schrà ¶der  is the 16th most common German surname. Surname Origin: German Alternate Surname Spellings:  SCHRÃâ€"DER,  SCHRODER, SCHRADER, SCHRØDER Famous People with the SCHROEDER  Surname Richard Bartlett Ricky  Schroder, Jr. - American actor and film directorFriedrich Ludwig Schrà ¶der - German actor and prominent masonic  leaderAbel Schrà ¸der - Danish woodcarverChrista Schroeder - personal secretary to Adolph HitlerErnst Schrà ¶der  - German mathematician Where is the SCHROEDER  Surname Most Common? Surname maps from Verwandt.de indicate the  Schrà ¶der surname  is most common in northwestern Germany, especially in areas such as Hamburg, Region Hannover, Bremen, Lippe, Diepholz, Herford, Rendsburg-Eckernfà ¶rde, Mrkischer Kreis and  Hochsauerlandkreis. Surname distribution maps  from  Forebears  do not specifically address the  Schrà ¶der spelling but indicate that the surname Shroder is most prevalent in Germany (although not as common as Schroeder), while the majority of individuals with the Schroeder spelling live in the United States. Based on population percentage, however, Schroeder is a much more common surname in Germany and is especially common in Luxembourg, where it ranks as the 10th most common surname in the country. Data from WorldNames PublicProfiler varies (probably based on the interpretation of the umlaut spelling), pointing to Schroder being most prolific in Germany, followed by Denmark, Norway, Austria, and the Netherlands, while Shroeder is by far the most common in Luxembourg, followed by the United States. Genealogy Resources for the Surname SCHROEDER Meanings of Common German SurnamesUncover the meaning of your German last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common German surnames. Schroeder  Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Schroeder  family crest or coat of arms for the Schroeder surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male-line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. SCHROEDER  Family Genealogy ForumThis free message board is focused on descendants of Schroeder  ancestors around the world. DistantCousin.com - SCHROEDER  Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Schroeder. GeneaNet - Schroeder  RecordsGeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Schroeder  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries. The Schroeder  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Schroeder  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998. Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997. Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Understanding China and its Society, Business and Economics, Culture Essay

Understanding China and its Society, Business and Economics, Culture and Languages - Essay Example This essay is one of the best examples of comprehensive analysis of the Chinese political and economic systems. It also reviews cultural environment in the country. Despite the global crisis that has hampered business activities among nations, the Republic of China is determined to craft trading partnerships with countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and Taiwan among other countries in Asia, Europe and North America. China has expanded its business quest by forging trade agreements with a number of countries in Africa. Such partnerships have boosted its balance of payment. New markets in Africa, Europe and America have created more space for the rapidly growing industries in China to export the finished products to various destinations around the world. Today, the country’s economy has a greater potential to change the future prospects of the continent and world at large. The business culture of the country alongside the goodwill from its huge labor force has been instrumental to propelling the country to greater heights of development. According to the World Bank, China is the second largest economy considering its GDP. The Asian country is rich in culture and language owing to diverse nature of tribes and communities occupying the world’s most populous nation. The government recognizes the ruling party as atheist organization. However, China’s constitution acknowledges freedom of religion to all natives and foreigners. The government only permits people to practice one of the officially recognized religions that include Islam, Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism, and Protestantism. China’s main religious organizations are Taoism and Buddhism. The people consider Taoism as the folk history considering its long history among societies and ethnic groups in the country. The literacy rate of the country stands at 92.2 percent according to the World Bank report released in 2012 (Chow 2010). Business and Economics China is among few Asian nations with promising economies with large amounts of imports and exports. It is among the fastest growing economies in the continent, which include Japan, South Korea and North Korea (Chow 2010). Despite the global crisis that has hampered business activities among nations, the Republic of China is determined to craft trading partnerships with countries such as Japan, USA, Germany, Hong Kong, and Taiwan among other countries in Asia, Europe and North America. China has expanded its business quest by forging trade agreements with a number of countries in Af rica (Chow 2010). Such partnerships have boosted its balance of payment. New markets in Africa, Europe and America have created more space for the rapidly growing industries in China to export the finished products to various destinations around the world. Apparently, China’s economy has recorded remarkable performance for the last three decades with manufacturing and service industries accounting for the biggest percentage of exports. This has influenced the country’s GDP in positive direction (Chow 2010). Over 500 million Chinese can now afford decent living following various initiative of the government to lift citizens from poverty. Chances are high that China might emerge as the leading economy of the world by 2030 notwithstanding challenges regarding controlling its huge population (Lin 2012). It has the potential to become a modern, creative and high-income society. It is yet to implement strategies that will ensure it achieve its business and economic ambitions . As far as the country’s future prospects in business are concerned, China has the potential to turnaround it technological progresses to achieve greater development (Lin 2012). Apparently, China has a huge human resource base which key to growth and development of industries of various

Quality Engineering Management of 3D Printing Research Proposal

Quality Engineering Management of 3D Printing - Research Proposal Example The introduction of the 3D printer has been one of the most remarkable examples of technological advancements through which, the users are allowed to transform any form of digital file into a physical product of three-dimensional innovations. 3D printing is highly customizable and the users can produce their desired three-dimensional objects according to their choices. The development of 3D printing has served beneficial for various manufacturing industries, creative industries, as well as within the dimension of research and education. However, there are various challenges and problems of 3D printing technology, essential to solving in order to improve the quality of output, which will be discussed in the research study. 3D printing has contributed much to the industrial sectors and individuals with its technology through which, a digital file can easily be converted into a three dimensional object. However, there are certain problems encountered when implementing the technology tha t is negatively affecting the users to obtain a desired and reliable outcome. 3D printing is used almost in every manufacturing industry such as automobiles, apparels, aircraft and firearms among others.Moreover, the technology has also contributed much in the film industries for adding various special effects to creations, especially when developing animated movies. The problems in the technology of 3D printing will negatively influence the output produced by these industries that will ultimately affect the performance of the industries.

Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power MPPT

Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power MPPT Design and Optimization of a Fuzzy Logic Based Smart Solar Power Maximum Power Point Tracker A. KocabaÃ…Å ¸ and H.Ä °. OkumuÃ…Å ¸ Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon/Turkey Abstract- As the issue of efficiency is one of the most important fundamentals of solar power generation, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) systems have an important duty in solar power management systems in solar power generation. This paper includes study of the design and improvement of fuzzy logic based solar power MPPT, and the methodology to achieve the best system performance. MPPT system was evaluated at the DC-DC power converters ability of impedance conversion point of view and cooperation of fuzzy logic theory. The parameters of fuzzy inference system are optimized to obtain the fastest and accurate system responses. The performance of the proposed fuzzy logic based MPPT under various operating conditions compared and improvement of this performance is dealt with. The fuzzy logic MPPT function realized using a buck-boost power converter. Computer simulations practiced and simulation results also represented. Keywords- Maximum Power Point Tracking, Fuzzy Logic Control, Solar Power Generation. Solar power is one of the most harmless and cleanest, plentiful supply of energy in the world. It is unfailing and like to be our fundamental supply of power in future [1]-[2]. Solar power has already used widely for industrial, commercial, residential and military applications. Performance of solar power generation by photovoltaic (PV) cells depends on the environmental conditions such as insolation, sunlight tilt, load variations, airmass and cell temperature [10]. Power converter units should be associated with the PV cells and the load to control the power flow from the PV cells to the load. PV systems use MPPT systems to maximize power output, by the ability of continually arranging the duty ratio increment command of the switching device in the power converter unit. Algorithms used in MPPT systems maximize power extractions of PV cells by controlling the duty ratio of the power converter with the changing PV cell output variable combinations like changes in power versus changes in voltage etc. MPPT algorithms such as perturb and observe, incremental conductance have been evaluated until now. [3]. Unchanging step size for the control signal, increment of the duty ratio command, used in these methods. Too small steps sizes cause slow tracking process and too large step sizes cause oscillations around the maximum power point (MPP). To perform automatically adjusting step sizes, variable step sizing algorithms such as fuzzy logic has been developed [4]-[7]. Specification of fuzzy logic controllers is made according to their skill of simulating human thinking. Different than conventional controllers, fuzzy controllers have the ability to experimental methods and their results to design variable step sizes of control signals without the need of understanding the systems mathematical model [9]. Effectiveness of the MPPT algorithm is directly related with the input and the output variables that are selected for the system. In general for output variable, duty ratio of the power switch selected. As input variables; power (P) versus voltage (V) slope and changes of the slope, P-V slope and variation of power, variation of power and variation of voltage, sum of conductance and increment of conductance would be selected [8]. In this paper as inputs of the controller variation of power and variation of voltage, as an out put duty ratio of the power switch selected. Sunpower SPR-305E-WHT-D (One series module and one parallel strings) PV panel used for simulations in this paper. The characteristics of the PV panel at 25  °C and at various irradiation levels are shown in Figure 1. The characteristics of the PV panel at 1000 W/m2 and at various temperature levels are shown in Figure 2. To make the analysis simple, we have worked on resistive load. Figure 3 illustrates the circuitry of PV panel and resistive load, and current (I)-voltage (V) characteristics with an irradiation 1000 W/m2 and temperature of 25  °C. The intersection of the I-V characteristic curve (blue) of the PV panel and load I-V curve (red) is the operating point of the system. From this figure it can be observed that the operating point changes with the change of the load value. The maximum power point (MPP) can be achieved through proper selection of the load. Maximum power may be extracted from the PV array by incorporating an intelligent mechanism altering the load resistan ce of the PV array. Power converters are usually used to achieve this purpose. Figure 1. The characteristics of the PV panel at 25  °C and at various irradiation levels. Figure 2. The characteristics of the PV panel at 1000 W/m2 and at various temperature levels. Figure 3. PV system with resistive load Figure 4 shows the block diagram of the investigated MPPT system. The system includes a PV panel, a buck-boost power converter and a fuzzy logic based MPPT controller. The function of controlling power flow from source to the load is carried out by the zeta type buck-boost converter as shown in Figure 5. The values of converter circuit elements are Lin = 11  µH, L1 = 378  µH, CIN = C1 = 1000  µF and CPV = 680  µF. The pulse width modulation (PWM) switching frequency was set to 200 kHz. Internal resistances were ignored to obtain (1) on the converters input and output voltage equation in steady state: (1) If we assume that converter operates lossless with a resistive load RL, the value of the power obtained from this PV system would be: (2) It is demonstrated additionally, in Figure 5, that P-V curves at miscellaneous irradiation levels according (2) and miscellaneous duty ratio commands with the ohmic load 3 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¦. The intersections show the operating points of PV system. In this study fuzzy theory is used to design the MPPT controller. Required fuzzy input variables are generated by fuzzy MPPT controllers by reading voltage and current signals obtained from the PV panel. The fuzzy input variables would then can be used to calculate the increment of the duty ratio command for adjusting operating point of the PV panel in order to maximize the power extraction. In Figure 6 the flowchart of the calculation process illustrated. Designs of fuzzy controllers are varies according to the input variables selected. As mentioned before in this paper as input variables, variation of power and variation of voltage of the PV array selected. Figure 4. Solar MPPT system. Figure 5. Power converter and PV power characteristics. Figure 6. Flowchart of calculation process. A. Fuzzy MPPT Tracking Algorithm In this study fuzzy logic MPPT system used variations of PV cell power output (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV) and variations of voltage (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV) as the fuzzy input variables. By using MATLAB Simulink proposed solar power maximum power point tracking system implemented and universe of discourse (UOC) of input and output membership functions determined. After determination of UOD membership functions, they are grouped with the names negative big, negative small, zero, positive small, positive big (NB, NS, ZE, PS, PB). Fuzzy rules database is shown in Figure 7. Iterations made by moving on the P-V slopes specified regions as shown in the figure 7. Figure 7. Fuzzy rules for algorithm using à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV and à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV as the inputs. First of all symmetric membership functions used in the simulations as shown in Figure 9 and then asymmetrical membership functions used as shown in Figure 10. The performance difference compared then. For fuzzification; Mamdani method and for defuzzification; centre of gravity method used in this study. Fuzzy interface system evaluated by using MATLAB Simulink fuzzy logic toolbox. Figure 8. Fuzzy controller s surface of rule base. Figure 9. (a) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV (b) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV (c) Membership function for increment of duty ratio command. Figure 10. Asymmetrical input membership functions (a) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  PPV (b) Membership function for à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  VPV (c) Membership function for increment of duty ratio command. Purposed MPPT system is simulated by using different types of membership functions for comparison and validation. MATLAB/Simulink model block diagram of the system is shown in Figure 11. Figure 11. MATLAB/Simulink model block diagram of the system By using membership functions shown in Figure 9 the simulation results obtained as shown in Figure 12 and by using membership functions shown in Figure 10 the simulation results obtained as shown in Figure 13. Figure 12. Simulation results (symmetrical membership functions used) Figure 13. Simulation results (asymmetrical membership functions used) As shown in figures above when symmetrical membership functions used the fuzzy controlling system was unable to respond quickly to the rapid changes of irradiation so that fitting time of output power curve was longer and this is a disadvantage of the controlling system that is undesired. Beside at low irradiance levels MPPT controller couldnt produce accurate control signals and PV panels operating point was different than the maximum power point. The performance difference of the designed system when two types of membership functions used respectively can be seen more clearly from Figure 14. Figure 14. Output power of PV panel. Here we can see the disadvantages of using symmetrical membership functions. To overcome this problem and improve the system response speed to the changes of irradiation then asymmetrical membership functions has developed. Another benefit of developed system is that, at low irradiation levels precision of MPPT is more higher. In this paper a fuzzy logic based solar maximum power point tracking system was designed and different types of membership functions were used to optimize system power generation performance. To achieve the goal of higher precision and fastest system responses to the changes of irradiation levels different types of membership functions of inputs of fuzzy inference system were researched and compared with each other. It was revealed that using asymmetrical membership functions in the fuzzy logic controller had improved system performance at all operating conditions. From the results of simulations it can be inferred that the system performance is directly related with the optimization of the membership functions of fuzzy inference system. This study also leads to the study of the designing methodology of optimization of asymmetrical membership functions for better system performance. References [1] International Energy Agency. Technology Roadmap: Solar Photovoltaic Energy, IEA Publications: Paris, France, 2014. [2] K. Tomabechi, Energy Resources in the Future. Energies 2010, pp. 686-695 [3]N. Femia, G. Petrone, G. Spagnuolo, M. Vitellio, Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2005, pp. 963-973. [4]T. Yong, B. Xia, Z. Xu, W. Sun, Modified Asymmetrical Variable Step Size Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic Systems. J. Power Electron. 2014, pp. 156-164. [5]C.S. Chin, P. Neelakantan, H.P. Yoong, K.T.K. Teo, Optimisation of Fuzzy Based Maximum Power Point Tracking in PV System for Rapidly Changing Solar Irradiance. Trans. Sol. Energy Plan. 2011, pp. 130-137 [6]T. Radjai, P.J. Gaubert, L. Rahmani, The new FLC-Variable Incremental Conductance MPPT Direct Control Method Using Cuk Converter. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (IEIE), Istanbul, 2014, pp. 2508-2513. [7]R. Rahmani, M. Seyedmahmoudian, S. Mekhilef, R. Yusof, Implementation of Fuzzy Logic Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller for Photovoltaic System. 2013, pp.209-218. [8]J-K. Shiau, Y-C. Wei, B-C. C, A Study on the Fuzzy Logic Based Solar Power MPPT Algorithms Using Different Fuzzy Input Variables. ISSN 1999-4893, 2015. [9]T.J. Ross, Fuzzy Logic With Engineering Applications, vol 2, pp. 1-652. [10]R. Hernanz, C. Martin, Z. Belver, L. Leseka, Z. Guerrero, P. Perez, Modelling of Photovoltaic Module., International Conference on Renewable Energies and Power Quality, 2010.

How one learns best Essay

The way I learn best is from observation and a little explanation. I mainly prefer to find things out for myself rather than have it told to me. This allows me to have more of a connection with what I have learned. When I learn something I like to learn it properly and fully. I like to learn it from all perspectives, so I can truly understand things â€Å"from the inside† as Van de Lagemaat nicely puts it. I dislike having a serious conversation with narrow minded people. It disgusts me to see people blindly supporting their own view and reject everything that contradicts their ideas, without even giving it a single thought. It is natural thought because it is part of human nature to have this type of mentality when only â€Å"my view† is the right one. Once humans learn to view things in other people’s shoes, they will start to view the world in a different way. I believe that human nature is basically wild. Society we are living in covers up our wild side but at some points this side is exposed. I enjoy reading during my free time. But to have a book forced on me slightly puts me off reading it. There are certain exceptions where the book fits my likings, but over the year, they have been an odd occurrence. To have an assignment on a novel that is devoid of interesting ideas and information is almost painful. I would very much welcome flexibility with deadlines. With sport practice and extra-curricular activities, some extra time would be truly appreciated. I would also welcome teachers to always point out my mistakes and make a big deal of them. This way it can stick in my mind and I won’t forget it as easily. I always like to see my teacher be very active in class bring up class discussions and stating his/her opinion on things. For me to entirely succeed I would need to change certain things about myself. Most of which I have already started to do, such as my organizational skills. Other aspects I should improve upon are my concentration skills. I sometimes find it hard to focus on any given subject when there are distractions present.

Benjamin Franklin

The Benjamin Franklin is quintessential American in the American history. The Benjamin Franklin was a great scientist, politician, printer, musician, economist, inventor, and environmentalist. He was a person with many historical stands with him which illustrated his excellence in various field whether it was politics or science or painting or any other field. He was an intuitive and sensitive person with many qualities. He was one of the persons who were known as the founders of America. He had a diverse area of interests and thus was having diverse qualities.He was a political leader, but at the same time he was a scientist also. This shows his quality of grasping and using his skills. The life span of Benjamin Franklin started in 1706 and lasted up to 1790. This was remarkable as the age above 80 was very rare in the in 17th century. He was the core person in the American Revolution who utilized his qualities to evolve as the politician in the American history. He used his scienti fic, diplomatic, industrial, philosophical ways to contribute to American Revolution.He conveyed his knowledge throughout the America for the building and construction of the America of his beliefs. Benjamin Franklin was born in Boston, Massachusetts on 17th January, 1706. (Benjamin Franklin 1) His father Josiah Franklin was a wax maker. His mother’s name was Abiah Folger. The Benjamin Franklin was the youngest son among the 17 children from his father. He was 15th in his brothers and sisters. Initially his father earned his money from selling soap and candles. He was very naughty boy in his childhood. But his father did not earn well.His father as was not a rich person could not send him to school, so the Benjamin Franklin did his studies through voracious studies. Thus the Benjamin Franklin was not having enough education in his childhood as his father was a poor person. He was a person with very hard will and thus he evolved himself from the core. The Benjamin Franklin sta rted working with his father and sold soap and wax. He was an intelligent and practical person without relying on the theories. After this, he started working with his brother for five year in printing press.During these five years he had access to many books which he had borrowed from his partner sellers. Thus he started his education actually from these books related to various fields. Thus he gained his control over many fields and which he utilized further in his life. The elder brother of Benjamin Franklin started a news paper, The New England Courant where Benjamin started working and used his skills and became the apprentice. He wanted to write for his news paper, but his elder brother was against his writing in news paper.He moved to Philadelphia from Boston and worked as a printer. The elder brother of Franklin did not allow him to write for the newspaper, so he wrote some articles with a pseudo name even. He was a man with great deed. The Benjamin Franklin started working as a clerk in Denham’s merchant business. He founded a library with his friends for studying the books as the books were rare and expensive to purchase. This showed that he was very fond of reading and studying.In 1728, after the death of Deham, Franklin established a printing partnership with Hugh Meredith. In 1732, Franklin started the newspaper Philadelphische Zeitung. Up to 1734 he was a prominent person in Pennsylvania and for the first time he published the first book, reprinting of James Anderson’s The Constitution of the Free Masons. He wanted to became a high quality writer which would be renowned for his works. He spent his many years in England and made known his famous Poor Richard’s Almanac and the Pennsylvania.In his these books he used his writing skills and cited many proverbs which got famous from that time. These proverbs are used today also. He formed a public lending library and fire department in America. He was against many political steps like Iron Act in 1750, the Albany Plan of Union in 1754, but favored the stand for paper money as currency. He was acknowledged as a national hero in America at that time when he went forward to oppose the parliament to put down the Stamp Act.He also became a minister and went to Paris where he was respected comprehensively by the French people. Later in his life he became the Postmaster General and was the President of the Supreme Executive Council. He made great efforts to contribute in the American Revolution. The Benjamin Franklin was a writer also through out his life. His famous works were Poor Richard’s Almanac. This book comprised of many proverbs like â€Å"a penny saved is two pence dear†, â€Å"Fish and visitors sink in three days†.These were some of the famous proverbs from his book. These famous proverbs showed his high level of his writing. Franklin was a scientist and an inventor also in his life. He was assumed to be a magnificent person in field of science in 17th century. His famous experiment of flying kite showed his deep interest in field of electricity. He showed the concept and theory for positive and negative charges. He was the first person who showed the conservation of charges. This later became a theory.He invented Franklin stove, Catheter, Swim fins, Glass Harmonica, and bifocals. He founded the American Philosophical Society in 1743. He had a deep interest in philosophy. He was also elected as the first President of the American Philosophical Society. He started his experiments in this society about the electricity. He got retired from the printing press in 1748. In 1759 he gave his suggestion for experiment of electricity in lightening. Due to his renowned work he was elected as the first American for Royal Society’s Copley Medal.In his political career he became a councilman in 1748 in Philadelphia and in 1751 he was elected as the Justice of Peace in Philadelphia. He was appointed as the deputy postm aster general in 1953. He was elected as chief of a delegation to Albany Congress. He was sent to England to protest against Penn family in 1757. In 1763 when Franklin returned back to Pennsylvania, where he saw some war was there known as the Pontiac’s Rebellion. There were attacks on his character during this period and so he lost his assembly election in 1764.In 1764 when he reached England, King George III sent him back to Pennsylvania as the agent for the colony. He also became agent of Georgia, New Jersey and Massachusetts colonies also. He opposed the Stamp Act in London and later Townshend Acts of 1767 ends his wishes for working for English Government. He was a man with zeal and passion to work and to oppose also. So when he watched the disgusting acts of the English Government, he opposed them severely. This showed his character for freedom against the oppression.The Franklin came back to Philadelphia where the American Revolution had started. The Pennsylvania Assem bly had selected the Benjamin Franklin as delegate for the Second Continental Congress. He was a member of committee which drafted the Declaration of Independence of America in 1776. The Franklin devoted himself as a leader in the American Revolution for the independence of his nation. He coordinated with great Thomas Jefferson and made many changes in the drafts proposed by the Thomas Jefferson.He was an Ambassador to France from 1776 and became the commissioner for the United States. He lived in the France up to 1785. He was very famous personalities in France as many people buy his paintings. He, when, returned to the America back then he received an honor as he was placed just below the George Washington. He became an abolitionist in America after 1785. He worked in many fields for welfare of the people also. He donated 200 Pound for the development of Franklin Collage. He also finished his autobiography during this period of 1771 to 1788.His political career went to the peak wh en he was elected as the President of the Pennsylvania in 1785. He was the President for just three years. Thus this was the end of his political career. He worked as the President to work for the people and for the welfare of the country. He thus was very famous and respected among the people. When he was President, the people felt relaxation and were content. He, during his office duration worked with many great people or politician like Thomas Jefferson, George Washington etc.Many famous writers like Thomas Paine wrote about him and admired him for his qualities. The Benjamin Franklin was a most important character in the history of America whether it was related to science or politics or development also. The Benjamin Franklin through out his life work for the America and just remained a part of American politics up to his death. His death was termed as great loss to politics in America. He advocated the republicanism of his country in his life. He advocated this concept widely. He thought that his country when became a republic could remain when the people would attentive for their social rights and their duties. He also explained this concept in famous book Poor Richard’s Almanac. The person with a deed and character was known as Benjamin Franklin. He worked in the American Revolution for the freedom of the America from colonialism of England. He fought against the English Empire although he had worked for them. But he had a great love for his country.He had worked as the politician through out his life and became the President of Pennsylvania for the benefit and safety of his state. He was a very wise man and had rebellion character also. He strongly opposed the English Government for Stamp Act and Townshend Act in England. He worked in many committees as the delegates to explore the new political ideas. Even he was in the committee known as Committee of Five for drafting the Declaration of Independence which was comprised of Thomas Jefferson.He w as also rewarded as the second person to George Washington in his time which was a great political honor. This honor was given to him as he was hero in American Revolution. There were many myths prevailed about Benjamin Franklin as he was a great character. Some of them were true and some of them never had been proved by the people. One of the myths was that the Benjamin Franklin was a womanizer when he was residing in France as the Ambassador from America.He had thirteen children which were not legal. It was a myth that he had an illegal relation with a French woman. But it was termed to be a fake as no historian or any other captured any note about this relation. Although he had many woman friends associated with him like Catherine Shipley which was only eleven year old when she came in contact with Benjamin Franklin. He was very lovable character in women. But there were no proof that he had gone with any illegal relations with these women.But he had academic, brave and scholar r elations with them. The Benjamin Franklin was wise men who devoted his time and indulged himself completely to make a new and constructive America. There were many myths encountered through out his life which were accepted in the history. He was venerated for his beliefs which had grown to a myth. He called a three days of prayer session during recess in July, 1787 and clergyman for the prayers for daily meeting in the constitutional convention.It was also stated that the after these sessions of prayer gathering, the constitution was written very speedily. This myth was true as there were many records about this myth. There was also myth related with the Benjamin Franklin that he discovered electricity when he was flying the kite and his kite got struck by the lightening. But real fact is that when Benjamin Franklin was flying a kite, his main goal was to prove the electrical nature of lightening. Hi kite just picked up the stray charges which cause the phenomenon of stray capacitan ce.If his kite got struck with the lightening, he might be killed at that instant. He discovered the nature of charge in the lightening and thus discovered the electricity. He was the first person who showed high interest and make use of his high quality knowledge for this experiment. Thus this belief that the Benjamin Franklin had discovered the electricity was true. There were many myths about the acceptance of symbol of America at the time of Benjamin Franklin.Many people wanted eagle to be the symbol, but the bald eagle was accepted as national symbol of America. These myths were also related with the Benjamin Franklin. He was not agreed upon the bald eagle to be a symbol of a nation. It did not seem good for having bald eagle as the symbol of a nation as according to the Benjamin Franklin. But in his letter to his daughter Sally on January 26, 1784(The Eagle, Ben Franklin, and the Turkey 1), he putted his doubt on using the Bald Eagle as the symbol for America.The statement poi nted to the Benjamin Franklin â€Å"a penny saved is a penny earned† represents a myth which was broken later in the history. He wanted to utilize the money through the savings. Thus he was incorporated with the foundation of habit of saving. He was closely associated with saving the money and thought that saving money is the best method of earning. But this myth was broken as the due to modernization of the society today. There are certain myths and stories behind the Benjamin Franklin which were not true.These myths were held across the nation was due to the lack of information medium in America at that time. The medium of information was the major factor which was lagging extensively. This myths stands throughout the history because the information which was given by one person when had reached the last person, had changed due to replacement from different persons. Sometimes it might happen that, when an historian or writer had written some myths about the Benjamin Frankli n, they got reached other person.Thus these myths reached from one person to other. The major reason for the spread out of these myths was gossiping. These gossiping were the main reason for these myths. The Thomas Jefferson was very inspired with Benjamin Franklin and wrote â€Å"I have seen, with extreme indignation, the blasphemies lately vended against the memory of the father of American philosophy. But his memory will be preserved and venerated as long as the thunder of heaven shall be heard or feared. † (The Real Benjamin Franklin, pages 232-233).Instead of all the myths and stories which proclaimed about the Benjamin Franklin, he was renowned as the great and legendry personality of American history. He was one of the founding fathers of America. He had done widely for America and American Revolution with his full efforts. Work-Cited: 1) Benjamin Franklin, From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin 2) Thomas Jefferson, The R eal Benjamin, Page 232-233. 3) The Eagle, Ben Franklin, and the Turkey. http://www. greatseal. com/symbols/turkey. html